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Control of osmolarity


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[Front]


Control of water requires what processes
[Back]


A means of detecting the osmolarity of ECF and triggering physiological responses to correct disturbances A means of altering intake of water A means of conserving or losing water through the kidneys

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Control of water requires what processes
A means of detecting the osmolarity of ECF and triggering physiological responses to correct disturbances A means of altering intake of water A means of conserving or losing water through the kidneys
What process is used to make hypotonic urine
Diuresis The only way to make the filtrate hypotonic is to remove solute but leave water behind which happens in the distal nephron The tubular cells pump solute mostly NaCl out of the filtrate but water does not follow since the walls are impermeable to water
What value is isotonic
A value of 300 milliosmoles.l-1 is isotonic
If the ECF has higher osmolarity then ICF
ECF is hypertonic so water moves out of cells and leads to cell shrinkage
If the ECF has lower osmolarity then ICF what happens
ECF is hypotonic so water moves into cells leading to swelling even rupture
What is the response if ECF is hypertonic
This leads to the secretion of ADH, which promotes anti-diuretic response and also the stimulation of thirst As a result this leads to the formation of concentrated urine
What is the response if ECF is hypotonic
This leads to the promotion of diuretic response so more dilute urine is formed
Where are the osmoreceptors located
Supraoptic nuclei ( SON ) and organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis ( OVLT ) In the hypothalamus
What is the mechanism of action of ADH
When ADH is released, aquaporin 2 (AQP2) channels are inserted into the apical membranes of the cuboidal epithelium in the connecting tubules and the collecting ducts Water can then enters the cells via the AQP2 channels
What is the difference between the 2 limbs of the Loop of Henle
The descending limb is permeable to water via AQP1 but impearmable to solutes The TAL is impermeable to water but actively transports solutes from the lumen into the interstital fluid via Na+/K+/Cl- transporters
What are the processes that increase the hypertonicity of the renal medulla
Counter current multiplier in the LOH Accumulation of urea in the renal medulla interstitum by recycling urea from the collecting duct