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Protein Processing


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[Front]


What are the 2 secretory pathways
[Back]


Constitutive and Regulated

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What are the 2 secretory pathways
Constitutive and Regulated
Difference between constituitive and regulated secretory pathways
The main difference is that the constitutive has an unregulated membrane fusion while a regulated secretory pathway has a regulated membrane fusion (needs a signal)
Features of collagen fibres?
Triple Helix, Hydrogen bonds between chains stabilise structure, Glycine every 3rd postion and each basic unit is tropocollagen and is rod shaped ( collagen fibres )
What features does the triple helix give collagen
Non-compressible, high tensile strength and non-extensibile
Synthesis and modification of collagen in ER, consits of what processes
Prepro alpha chains into pro alpha chains then hydroxylation then glycolysation then addition of disulfide bonds and finally folding but not at 150 N-terminal amino acids and 250 C-terminal amino acids
What happens to procollagen in the Golgi Body
Glucose added to galactose and then transported to plasma membrane through vesicles
How is tropocollagen formed?
Removal of N and C terminals by procollagen peptidase
EDS otherwise known as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is caused by what
Mutation in collagen type I,III,V or lsyl oxidase deficiency
Which 3 enzymes are required for insulin proteolytic processing?
C2 endoprotease, C3 endoprotease and carboxypeptidase
How does insulin be released
Blood glucose level increases - > Glucose enters Beta-islets cells so intracellular glucose increases -> This causes Ca2+ to be released from ER -> Ca2+ increase leads to insulin containing vesicles to be released
Why is proteolytic processing so common in the secretory pathway?
Products can be too small to enter co-translational mechanisms Products can be destructive if released inside the cell Many bioactive products can be made from the same polypeptide