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Apologia Exploring Creation with Physical Science 2nd Edition

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Apologia Exploring Creation with Physical Science 2nd Edition


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Mr. C B


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[Front]


Atom
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The smallest chemical unit of matter.

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Apologia Exploring Creation with Physical Science 2nd Edition - Details

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137 questions
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Atom
The smallest chemical unit of matter.
Molecule
Two or more atoms linked together to make a substance with unique properties.
Concentration
The quantity of a substance within a certain volume.
Humidity
The moisture content of air.
Absolute Humidity
The mass of water vapour contained in a certain volume of air.
Relative Humidity
The ratio of the mass of water vapour in the air at a given temperature to the maximum mass of water vapour the air could hold at that temperature, expressed as a percentage.
Greenhouse Effect
The process by which certain gases (principally water vapour, carbon dioxide, and methane) trap heat that radiates from earth.
Parts Per Million
The number of molecules (or atoms) of a substance in a mixture for every one million molecules (or atoms) in that mixture.
Heterosphere
The upper layer of earth’s atmosphere which exists higher than roughly 80 kilometres (50 miles) above sea level
Atmospheric Pressure
The pressure exerted by the atmosphere on all objects within it
Barometer
An instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure
Atmosphere
The mass of air surrounding a planet
Homosphere
The lower layer of earth’s atmosphere, which exists from ground level to roughly 80 kilometres (50 miles) above sea level
Electrolysis
The use of electricity to break a molecule down into smaller units
Solvent
A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances
Solute
A substance that is dissolved in a solvent
Cohesion
The phenomenon that occurs when individual molecules are so strongly attracted to each other that they tend to stay together, even when exposed to tension
Hard water
Water that has certain dissolved ions in it - predominately calcium and magnesium ions
Polar molecule
A molecule that has slight positive and negative charges due to an imbalance in the way electrons are shared
Precipitation
Water falling from the atmosphere as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.
Distillation
Evaporation and condensation of a mixture to separate out the mixture's individual components
Hydrologic Cycle
The process by which water is continuously exchanged between earth's various water sources
Residence Time
The average time a given particle will stay in a given system
Firn
A dense, icy pack of old snow
Percolation
The process by which water moves downward in the soil, toward the water table
Cloud Condensation Nuclei
Small airborne particles upon which water vapour condenses to form clouds
Adiabatic Cooling
The cooling of a gas that happens when the gas expands with no way of getting more energy
Water Table
The line between the water-saturated soil and the soil that is not saturated with water
Salinity
A measure of the mass of dissolved salt in a given mass of water
Condensation
The process by which a gas turns into a liquid
Transpiration
Evaporation of water from planets
Hydrosphere
The sum of all water on a planet
Earth's Crust
Earth's outermost layer of rock.
Fault
The boundary between two sections of rock that can move relative to one another.
Earthquake
Vibration of the earth that results either from volcanic activity or rock masses suddenly moving along a fault.
Epicenter
The point on the surface of the earth directly above an earthquake's focus.
Focus
The point where an earthquake begins.
Plastic Rock
Rock that behaves like something between a liquid and a solid.
Metamorphic Rock
Igneous or sedimentary rock that has been changed into a new kind of rock as a result of great pressure and temperature.
Igneous Rock
Rock that forms from molten rock.
Sedimentary Rock
Rock formed when chemical reactions cement sediments together, hardening them.
Sediment
Small, solid fragments of rock and other materials that are carried and deposited by wind, water, or ice. Examples would be sand, mud, or gravel.
Aphelion
The point at which the earth is farthest from the sun.
Perihelion
The point at which the earth is closest to the sun.
Updraft
A current of rising air
Insulator
A substance that does not conduct electricity very well
What does the Bergeron Process deal with?
It deals with how rain is formed in Cold Clouds
What does the Collision-Coalescence Process deal with?
It deals with how rain is formed in Warm Clouds
Radar
Radio Detection and Ranging
Isobars
Isobars represent regions of equal atmospheric pressure.
Isotherms
Isotherms represent constant temperature.
Mechanics
The Study of Motion, Forces, and Energy.
Speed
How Quickly Motion Occurs.
Vector Quantity
A physical measurement that contains directional information.
Scalar Quantity
A physical measurement that does not contain directional information.
Acceleration
The time rate of change of an object's velocity.
Free Fall
The motion of an object when it is falling solely under the influence of gravity.
Speed Equation (9.1)
Speed Equation (9.1)
Is motion relative?
Yes, all motion is relative.
Reference Point
A point against which position is measured.
Acceleration Equation (9.2)
Acceleration Equation (9.2)
Newtons First Law
An object in motion (or at rest) will tend to stay in motion (or at rest) until it is acted upon by an outside force.
Inertia
The tendency of an object to resist changes in its velocity.
Friction
A force that opposes motion, resulting from the contact of two surfaces.
Equation 10.1, Total Force
Total force=(mass)x(acceleration)
Newton
The Newton is the standard unit of force and is defined as a: kg x m /sec²
Kinetic friction
Friction that opposes motion once the motion has already started.
Static friction
Friction that opposes the initiation of motion.
Newtons Second Law
When an object is acted on by one or more outside forces, the total force is equal to the mass of the object times the resulting acceleration.
Newtons Third Law
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Universal Law of Gravitation No. 1
All objects with mass are attracted to one another by the gravitational force.
Universal Law of Gravitation No. 2
The gravitational force between two masses is directly proportional to the mass of each object.
Universal Law of Gravitation No. 3
The gravitational force between two masses is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between those two objects.
Centripetal force
The force necessary to make an object move in a circle. It is directed perpendicular to the velocity of the object, which means it points toward the centre of the circle.
Centripetal force No. 1
Circular motion requires centripetal force.
Centripetal force No. 2
The larger the centripetal force, the faster an object travels in a circle of a given size.
Centripetal force No. 3
At a given speed, the larger the centripetal force, the smaller the circle.
The Four Forces
Gravitational Force, Electromagnetic Force, Weak Force, and Strong Force.
List the Eight Planets in order
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
List the Four Inner Planets in order
Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.
List the Four Outer Planets in order
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
Which of the Planets are/have Satellites?
Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
List the Four Planets with Rings and how many.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus 13, Neptune 9.
What is uncommon about Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
They are all outer planets, they all have similar compositions, they all have rings, and they all are quite cold!
Perturbations
Are small gravitational variations in the Planets motion.
Meteoroids
Are asteroids flung to earth. When they intersect earth's orbit they are called Meteoroids.
Meteors
When Meteoroids receive enormous amounts of friction, they become white hot, at this point they are called Meteors.
Meteorites
Are fragments of Meteors that fall to the earth.
Electrical Charge Rule 1
Like charges repel one another.
Electrical Charge Rule 2
Opposite charges attract one another.
Electromagnetic Force No. 1
All electrical charges attract or repel one another: Like charges repel, while opposite charges attract.
Electromagnetic Force No. 2
The force between charged objects is directly proportional to the amount of electrical charge on each object.
Electromagnetic Force No. 3
The force between charged objects is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the two objects.
Photon
A small "package" of light that acts like a particle.
Charging by Conduction
Charging an object by allowing it to come into contact with an object that already has electrical charge.
Charging by Induction
Charging an object without direct contact between the object and a charge.
Electrical Current
The amount of charge that travels past a fixed point in an electric circuit each second.