Chapter 1 - A new approach for complex problems
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Chapter 1 - A new approach for complex problems - Leaderboard
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| The scrum Guide directly introduces Scrum as a framework for developing and sustaining complex projects | Waterfall, Traditional Project Plan, Late feedback, cone of uncertainty, scientific approaches are not part of scrum guide |
| In the waterfall methodology, the duration of the activities, like development, testing, etc. are a) Planned to be fixed irrespective of any calculation (time-boxed). b) Predicted using some calculations based on “today’s weather.” c) Never decided upfront. | B) Predicted using some calculations based on “today’s weather.” The waterfall activities are estimated and calculated well in advance based on today’s knowledge and assumptions. Their duration will vary depending on the calculations. They are not time-boxed; they do not have fixed duration's. |
| Organizations create strategies for business purpose. Some of these strategies aim at building product capabilities | Many organization use process methodology like waterfall in their projects to build products |
| In waterfall, the project team often gets early feedback from customers or markets about the product they are building, so they can act on this feedback on time. a) True b) False | B) False Waterfall-based projects rarely offer any opportunity to get early feedback about the product. |
| Two types of people are needed to define the Business Aspects & Development Aspects of project plans. 1. Business People: They define what the product should do, they use predictions 2. The Project Managers or Planners : They plan to build the product. | In waterfall Iteration is seen as a result of bad planning. A waterfall based project plan expects that the sequence of steps in the plan will go forward without requiring changes. Activities only go forward without iterating back again and hence the name Waterfall |
| What factors will increase complexity? Select all that apply. a) Larger number of people on the project b) Longer duration of the project c) Batching of a large number of features into one big release | A) Larger number of people on the project b) Longer duration of the project c) Batching of a large number of features into one big release All these factors – more people, longer duration, and only one big release – increase the complexity. Correct answers are ‘a,’ ‘b,’ and ‘c.’ |
| Building complex products like software is a complex adaptive problem. Complex adaptive problems are a) Deterministic. b) Stochastic. c) Hard to predict even using past history. | C) Hard to predict even using past history. Complex adaptive problems are hard to predict. Correct answer is ‘c.’ |
| Select all that apply. Empiricism provides a) Frequent feedback opportunities to obtain information that can be used to plan better and eliminate the uncertainty. b) Frequent opportunities to discuss different possibilities. c) Frequent opportunities to make informed decisions thus reducing risk. | -------Answer------- b) Frequent opportunities to discuss different possibilities. c) Frequent opportunities to make informed decisions thus reducing risk. Empiricism is an alternative to waterfall to manage complexity and uncertainty. In waterfall, the risk of uncertainty accumulates over long cycles. The risk is reduced by empiricism because it provides frequent feedback and course correction points. These points are where more information may be available to view different possibilities and make informed decisions. However, empiricism does not completely eliminate uncertainty. Correct answers are ‘b’ and ‘c.’ |
| Select the best answer. Scrum is a newer way of doing things to address complex problems. It is a newer way because a) It offers new terminology for traditional practices. b) It is easier to master (implement) than the traditional way. c) It increases the opportunity to control risk and optimizes the predictability of progress. d) It is closely associated with emerging technologies. | C) It increases the opportunity to control risk and optimizes the predictability of progress. Scrum does introduce new terminology, but it is not the primary difference. Scrum is easy to learn, but difficult to master. There is incidental association of a lot of emerging technologies executed in Scrum, but that is not the reason for its identity as a newer way. Scrum does not guarantee success, but it increases the likelihood of success by controlling the risks and optimizing predictability. Correct answer is ‘c.’ |
| Scrum effectively limits the risk of unknowingly doing something wrong by a) Having a detailed and extensive risk management plan. b) Having multiple checkpoints and a thorough review by senior management at those checkpoints. c) Using short iterations called Sprints. | C) Using short iterations called Sprints. Near the end of each Sprint, the team will get feedback on their product demonstration from the stakeholders and users to understand if their work was worthwhile. If the work outcome is identified as a waste, the cost spent is limited only to that of the weeks incurred in the Sprint. This feedback is a control and can be used to plan the next Sprint. In other words, the risk of pursuing a wrong direction is limited to the cost of one Sprint. Correct answer is ‘c.’ |
| Scrum has been used to a) Develop products, product enhancements, and operational environments for products use. b) Research viable markets and new product capabilities. c) Manage the operation of organizations. d) All of the above. | D) All of the above. Scrum has been used to develop software, hardware, embedded software, networks of interacting function, autonomous vehicles, schools, government, marketing, managing the operation of organizations and almost everything we use in our daily lives, as individuals and societies. When the words "develop" and "development" are used in the Scrum, they refer to complex work, such as those types identified above. Correct answer is ‘d.’ |
| Scrum Team is focused on a) The Product Goal. b) Testing of the Product. c) Design of the Product. | A) The Product Goal. While the individual team members may focus on finer aspects of product building such as testing, the Scrum Team as a cohesive unit of professionals is focused on the Product Goal. Correct answer is ‘a.’ |
| Scrum is a) A framework to generate value through adaptive solutions for complex problems. b) A collection of the industry’s best practices in information technology. c) A body of knowledge on software engineering to build products. | A) A framework to generate value through adaptive solutions for complex problems. Scrum is a framework based on empiricism process control theory within which people can generate value through adaptive solutions for complex problems. Correct answer is ‘a.’ |
| To reduce the likelihood of not meeting big commitments, Scrum uses a) Timeboxing so the planned events can happen on time. b) Timeboxing so the commitments will have additional buffer of time. c) Timeboxing so the events cannot exceed a predetermined amount of time. | C) Timeboxing so the events cannot exceed a predetermined amount of time. Scrum controls the risks associated with long term planning and big commitments by constraining the product development into shorter iterations called Sprints. Each Sprint is strictly time-boxed so they expire on the predetermined date no matter what. By timeboxing, the risk of pursuing a wrong direction is limited to the cost of one Sprint. Correct answer is ‘c.’ |
| Select all that apply. The formal opportunities for inspection and adaptation are a) The Sprint. b) The Scrum Team. c) The Product Increment. d) None of the above. | D) None of the above. Four Scrum events are formal events for inspection and adaptation. They are Sprint Planning, Daily Scrum, Review, and Retrospective. Correct answer is ‘d.’ |
| Select all that apply. The Scrum framework consists of a) Scrum Standards. b) Scrum Teams. c) Product Development Processes. d) Roles, events, artifacts, and rules associated with Scrum Teams. | D) Roles, events, artifacts, and rules associated with Scrum Teams. The Scrum framework consists of Scrum Teams and their associated roles, events, artifacts, and rules. Though there are standards such as Definition of Done, they are not formally called Scrum Standards. Correct answers are ‘b’ and ‘d.’ |
| As per empiricism, knowledge is acquired by a) Experience. b) Analytical tools. c) Formal teaching. | A) Experience. Empiricism asserts that knowledge comes from experience in the past and the practice of making decisions based on what is known. Correct answer is ‘a.’ |
| What are the accountabilities in a Scrum Team? Select all that apply. a) Project Manager b) Programmer c) Tester d) Business Analyst e) Architect f) Operations Analyst g) None of the above | G) None of the above There are only three accountabilities in a Scrum Team. Correct answer is ‘g.’ |
| Select all that apply. In Scrum, the Product Owner who plays the business role, a) Hands over the Product Backlog to the Developers and leaves them alone. They only meet up again during final product delivery. b) Freezes the Product Backlog and tries not to change it. c) Works only with designated Developers and not all the Developers. d) Continuously collaborates with the Developers, sometimes almost every day. | D) Continuously collaborates with the Developers, sometimes almost every day. The Product Owner continuously evolves the ordered list of everything that may be needed to meet the Product Goal. This list is called the Product Backlog. Since this list evolves based on frequent new insights, it requires the Product Owner to continuously work with the team to communicate these changing needs and to clarify questions about ongoing work. Correct answer is ‘d.’ |
| In Scrum, the ‘servant-leader’ is the new name for the traditional role called ‘Project Manager.’ a) True b) False | B) False The servant-leader of the self-managing team manages the implementation of principles like Self-Management, Theory of Empiricism, Lean Thinking, etc. by teaching and coaching the team. The servant-leader is neither a Project Manager nor a People Manager. Correct answer is ‘b.’ |
| The Scrum Master is the manager of the Scrum Team. a) True b) False | B) False In Scrum, there is no exclusive team manager role like a Project Manager. There are project management activities in Scrum, but they are distributed among the three Scrum roles. The Scrum Master manages Scrum deployment and coaches the team on Scrum. Correct answer is ‘b.’ |
| In a traditional approach, < fill in > organizes and manages the team members’ work, and < fill in > is their management style. a) Business Manager, People Centricity b) Project Manager, Command and Control c) The team, Self-Management | B) Project Manager, Command and Control Correct answer is ‘b.’ |
| In self-managing teams, the work is divided between individual team members. Each team member takes accountability for the progress of only their work. a) True b) False | B) False In self-managing teams, the work is decomposed into work units. Individual team members take some work units. However, the entire team is accountable for the overall progress of reaching a common goal. Correct answer is ‘b.’ |
| As a self-managing team, what can a Scrum Team manage? Select all that apply. a) Managing their work to reach a common a goal b) Managing their human-related aspects like leave, firing one of the team members, office dress code, etc. c) Managing some other teams d) Managing to support ad-hoc high-priority requirements from important executives | A) Managing their work to reach a common a goal Self-managing teams are empowered to organize and manage their work. However, the team cannot self-manage the human resource related aspects. They also cannot work from a different set of requirements outside the Product Backlog. Correct answer is ‘a.’ |
| In Scrum, Team Velocity is a good metric to track the progress of product development. a) Yes b) No | B) No In Scrum, the real mark of progress is the delivery of a useable product Increment (thereby bringing the product closer to the overall Product Goal) in every Sprint. Correct answer is ‘b' |
| A Scrum Team must produce the following artifacts. Select all that apply. a) Project Plan b) Product Backlog c) Design Document d) Sprint Backlog e) Test Case Specifications f) Project Status Report g) Increment | B) Product Backlog d) Sprint Backlog g) Increment A Scrum Team produces and maintains artifacts that help them to plan their work, track their progress, and share information visibly to required stakeholders. In that respect, Scrum mandates only three artifacts. Notice that the Increment is not a document but a body of inspectable and usable working product Increment. Correct answers are ‘b,’ ‘d,’ and ‘g.’ Other artifacts or documents are optional and can be chosen by the team if they add value to their work or final product. |
| Scrum Teams create six artifacts: Product Backlog, Sprint Backlog, Increment, Product Goal, Sprint Goal, Definition of Done. a) True b) False | B) False In Scrum, only the following three are called artifacts: Product Backlog, Sprint Backlog, and Increment. Other three (Product Goal, Sprint Goal, and Definition of Done) are reflections of the ‘commitment’ to these artifacts. Correct answer is ‘b.’ |
| Scrum is best described as a a) Software methodology. b) Framework for developing and sustaining complex products. c) Product development process. d) Collection of best practices. | B) Framework for developing and sustaining complex products. Scrum is a framework within which appropriate processes and techniques can be employed to develop complex products. Correct answer is 'b.' |
| Transparency, Inspection, and Adaptation are the three pillars of a) Empirical Process Control Theory. b) Lean. c) PDCA. d) Six Sigma. | Correct answer is ‘a.’ |
| Transparency in empiricism refers to a) Clear thinking and planning by each team member. b) The significant aspects of the product development process are defined by common standards and made visible so the observers will share the same understanding. c) The highest levels of morality. | B) The significant aspects of the product development process are defined by common standards and made visible so the observers will share the same understanding. Transparency requires that significant aspects of the process must be defined by common standards, and they must be visible to those responsible for the outcome. Correct answer is ‘b.’ |
| What is used by the Scrum Team to identify unfinished work in a Sprint? a) Coding Standard b) Definition of Ready c) Testing Standard d) Definition of Done | D) Definition of Done The Definition of Done provides the same shared understanding of what it means for the work to be complete. It spells out all that is required to get the work ‘done.’ So, it is used by the team to assess what is yet to be done to complete the product Increment. Everybody developing the same shared understanding is the key to transparency. Correct answer is ‘d.’ |
| A Developer is requested by an important stakeholder to help them with an urgent and important task outside the Sprint Goal. The Team member set aside the Sprint work for the day and instead helped with this request. Which statement best describes the Team member’s action? a) The Team member has gone the extra mile and must be rewarded. b) The Team member has violated Scrum rules by not consulting with his manager. c) The Team member did not live by the Scrum value of focus. | C) The Team member did not live by the Scrum value of focus. The Scrum value of focus helps to avoid doing other things not related to the Sprint Goal. The Team member is expected to live the Scrum value of focus by prioritizing and completing the Sprint work to achieve the goals of the Scrum Team. Correct answer is ‘c'. |
| Is Scrum immutable? a) Yes b) No | A) Yes Changing Scrum or customizing it for the convenience of an existing culture may dilute its distinguishing identity as a “change agent.” Also, it may be perceived as just another additional practice which fails to motivate those who anticipate change. Correct answer is ‘a.’ |
| The organization or senior management’s support a) Is not needed for Scrum implementations. b) Is not needed because there is no scope for management in Scrum. c) Is needed to support the Product Owner to maximize the product value and the Scrum Master to coach and implement Scrum. | C) Is needed to support the Product Owner to maximize the product value and the Scrum Master to coach and implement Scrum. The organization or senior management’s support is a critical success factor for product planning and development in an empirical environment. Their action is needed to structure the self-managing teams. Correct answer is ‘c.’ |
| A Scrum Team is at the end of a Sprint. The next Sprint starts a) Only after the product Increment is released to production. b) Only after the Retrospective event of the current Sprint. c) Only after the team for the next Sprint is on board. d) Only after the Sprint Planning. | B) Only after the Retrospective event of the current Sprint. The Product Owner may choose to release the Increment to production, but it is not mandatory. The same team will continue to work on the next Sprint. Sprint Planning is the first event of the Sprint. The last event of the Sprint is the Retrospective. Correct answer is ‘b.’ |
| Only the Product Owner can come up with items that can be considered for the Product Backlog. Others cannot provide input/ recommendations/ ideas about new items. a) True b) False | B) False While the Product Owner has the final say on the content and order of the Product Backlog, they can get the input/ recommendations/ ideas about new items from any stakeholder or Scrum Team member for consideration. Correct answer is ‘b.’ |
| A Scrum Team needs to have the following roles. Select all that apply. a) Product Manager b) Business Manager c) Architect d) Developer e) Tester f) Programmer g) Scrum Master h) Project Leader i) Product Owner . | D) Developer g) Scrum Master i) Product Owner Scrum contains only three accountabilities. Anyone working in development, irrespective of their specialized skills such as architecture, testing, UI designing, coding, technical documenting, etc. is called a Developer. Correct answers are ‘d,’ ‘g,’ and ‘i.’ |
| A Scrum Team must produce the following artifacts. Select all that apply. a) Project Plan b) Product Backlog c) Design Document d) Sprint Backlog e) Test Case Specifications f) Project Status Report g) Increment | B) Product Backlog d) Sprint Backlog g) Increment A Scrum Team produces and maintains artifacts that help them to plan their work, track their progress, and share the information visibly to required stakeholders. In that respect, Scrum mandates only three artifacts. Notice that the Increment is not a document but a body of inspectable and usable working product Increment. Correct answers are ‘b,’ ‘d,’ and ‘g.’ Other artifacts or documents are optional and can be chosen by the team if they add value to their work or the final product. |
| Select all that apply. Before starting the first Sprint, what needs to be in place? a) A complete Product Backlog capturing detailed product needs. b) Availability of the Project Manager. c) Just enough Product Backlog Items with business ideas for the first Sprint. d) Completed System Architecture. e) Staffed Scrum Team. | C) Just enough Product Backlog Items with business ideas for the first Sprint. e) Staffed Scrum Team. There are no preconditions for the first Sprint. The availability of a Scrum Team and a list of business ideas for the first Sprint are enough to start the Sprint. Correct answers are ‘c’ and ‘e.’ |
| The size of the Scrum Team is a) 7 plus/ minus 2. b) typically 10 or fewer people. c) 3 – 9. d) none of the above. | B) typically 10 or fewer people. In the previous versions of The Scrum Guide, size of the Scrum Team was defined as 3 – 9 plus a Scrum Master and a Product Owner. From 2020 version, the language around the size is made more flexible- ‘The Scrum Team is typically 10 or fewer people.’ Correct |
| When a Scrum Team adds new team members to replace outgoing members, the productivity of the team a) Will be negatively impacted. b) Will be positively impacted. c) Will remain the same. | A) Will be negatively impacted. When new team members join, the productivity of the team will be temporarily reduced. Correct answer is ‘a.’ |
| Select all that apply. In Scrum, the technical design of the solution is a) Built one module after another with the Architect’s guidance. b) Initially created as a common architectural pattern by selected designers and architects and shared with others to build on top of it. c) Started with just enough design which emerges throughout the Sprints. d) Reached through focused attention during core design hours in the Sprint. | C) Started with just enough design which emerges throughout the Sprints. d) Reached through focused attention during core design hours in the Sprint. There is no Designer or Architect role in Scrum. Correct answers are ‘c’ and ‘d.’ |
| A Scrum Team can have an exclusive first Sprint to prepare a Product Backlog, which is the sole outcome from that Sprint. a) True b) False | B) False A Scrum Team can initially work outside the Scrum Sprints to create and refine just enough of a Product Backlog so that the first Sprint can start. However, this initial effort should not be called a Sprint. Also, it should only take a few days. Correct answer is 'b.' |
| In Backlog Refinement sessions, the Developers perform development activities such as coding and testing. a) True b) False | B) False The Developers help in refining the items to a level such that the team can complete the items to Done status within a Sprint. They do this by analyzing, putting together solutions/ designs, decomposing, and adding details, but there is no technical development activity during this refining session. Correct answer is ‘b.’ |
| Which is the correct statement? a) The Product Backlog cannot be changed without a change request to the Product Owner. b) The Product Backlog is not updated when a Sprint is in progress. Changes to team size may cause changes in the Product Backlog. c) The Product Backlog can be updated anytime by the Product Owner. Changes in business requirements, market conditions, or technology may cause changes to the Product Backlog. | C) The Product Backlog can be updated anytime by the Product Owner. Changes in business requirements, market conditions, or technology may cause changes to the Product Backlog. Correct answer is ‘c.’ |
| How does a Scrum Team define the Definition of Done? a) It always creates a new Definition of Done. b) It checks with the Product Owner if a Definition of Done is required and then proceeds to create one. c) None of the above. | C) None of the above. If there is an existing Definition of Done (that is the organizational standard), Scrum Team must use it. Only when it doesn’t exist, Scrum Team must create a Definition of Done. Correct answer is ‘c.’ |
| Which of the following statements is not correct? a) Only the people who perform the work can finalize the estimate of Product Backlog Items. b) The Product Owner always orders the Product Backlog Items based solely on the value of each individual item compared to another item. c) Multiple Scrum Teams working on the same product should have only one common Product Backlog. d) A Scrum Master can author a Product Backlog Item for the Product Owner's consideration. e) The Developers finalize all estimates. | B) The Product Owner always orders the Product Backlog Items based solely on the value of each individual item compared to another item. The Product Owner is the ultimate authority of finalizing what needs to be added to the Product Backlog. However, they can have others provide them with suggestions. So, a Scrum Master can always author an item for the Product Owner’s consideration. The Product Owner strives to maximize the collective value of the Product and the Scrum Team’s work. To achieve that, they can choose to follow any appropriate logic for ordering. It need not always be the individual business value. Correct answer is ‘b.’ |
| The Product Backlog is ordered by a) The individual Product Backlog Item's value. b) Whatever increases the overall value of the team's work. c) Whatever is deemed as appropriate by the Product Owner. | A clear answer is there. c) Whatever is deemed as appropriate by the Product Owner. Correct answer is 'c.' |
| The Product Backlog is ordered by a) The individual Product Backlog Item's value. b) Whatever increases the overall value of the team's work. c) The priority of senior management. | B) Whatever increases the overall value of the team's work. There is no clear answer. Choose the next best choice. Correct answer is 'b.' |
| The Product Backlog is ordered by a) The individual Product Backlog Item's value. b) Whatever is deemed appropriate by technical and domain experts. c) The priority of senior management. | A) The individual Product Backlog Item's value. There is no clear answer. Choose the next best choice. Correct answer is 'a.' |
| Which of the following statements is true? a) Scrum Master is a management position. A person with strong project management experience in delivering results is a good fit. b) Scrum Master is an optional position. An alternative is to train the team on Scrum before they start, and they can self-manage without a Scrum Master. c) Scrum Master is a management position. A person with Scrum experience and a coaching style of servant leadership is a good fit. d) None of the above. | C) Scrum Master is a management position. A person with Scrum experience and a coaching style of servant leadership is a good fit. The Scrum Master is required to have Scrum experience and a strong inclination towards a Servant Leadership style. It is a mandatory position to keep the Scrum Team and the organization focused on Scrum. Although the Scrum Master does not directly manage people, the role is a management position because the Scrum Master manages the Scrum framework implementation. Correct answer is ‘c.’ |
| Select all that apply. What are some examples of Product Backlog management techniques where a Scrum Master can coach the Product Owner and the Developers? a) Creating a common standard that defines the preferred level of description and transparency each Product Backlog Item should meet before introducing them in Sprint Planning. The Team can then use this standard as a guideline to decompose the Items. b) In addition to using value, a Product Owner can choose input from the Developers on ordering the items based on their technical coherence. c) Choosing a tool to manage the Product Backlog. d) Techniques like writing the items in the form of user stories and their Acceptance Tests. | A) Creating a common standard that defines the preferred level of description and transparency each Product Backlog Item should meet before introducing them in Sprint Planning. The Team can then use this standard as a guideline to decompose the Items. b) In addition to using value, a Product Owner can choose input from the Developers on ordering the items based on their technical coherence. d) Techniques like writing the items in the form of user stories and their Acceptance Tests. A Scrum Master coaches the Product Owner and the Developers about managing the Product Backlog to facilitate empiricism-based product planning and arranging the items so that the order can maximize overall value. The Scrum Master also coaches the Product Owner to collaborate with the Developers on ordering. |
| The Developers in a Scrum Team do not have enough understanding of the domain of the Product they develop. The Scrum Master need not take an active interest in improving this issue as it is not related to Scrum. a) True. b) False. | B) False. A Scrum Master coaches the Developers to create high-value products. Part of the coaching, the Scrum Master ensures that goals, scope, and product domain are understood by everyone on the Scrum Team. Correct answer is ‘b.’ |
| The role of the Scrum Master with respect to the Scrum artifacts is to: a) Coach the Team to increase the transparency of the artifacts. b) Decide the format of the artifacts and ensure that the Team follows it. c) Own the artifacts and be responsible for keeping them up to date. | A) Coach the Team to increase the transparency of the artifacts. Correct answer is ‘a.’ |
| In a Scrum Team, if the Scrum Master is also a Developer, then a) They should not participate in the Daily Scrum. b) They must participate in the Daily Scrum. c) They can participate in the Daily Scrum only if the Developers invite them. | B) They must participate in the Daily Scrum. Every Developer must participate in all the events of Scrum. In this case, the Scrum Master is also a Developer. Correct answer is ‘b.’ |
| During a Sprint Review, the stakeholders notice that the product development progress is not clearly visible and lacks transparency. Moreover, they are not able to understand the Team’s next steps. Who bears the primary responsibility for this status? a) Scrum Team b) Scrum Master c) Product Owner d) Developers | C) Product Owner The entire Scrum Team is responsible for "how they plan and perform their work." So, if there is a question about who is responsible for the failure or success of the Scrum work, the answer is absolutely the Scrum Team. The Scrum Master of course needs to help the Product Owner in coaching techniques for better Product Backlog management, increasing the transparency of the Backlog, and more. So, the Scrum Master's responsibility is to coach the team to adhere to Scrum and its principles. However, the Scrum Master does not bear the primary responsibility for those items that are clearly owned by a specific role. There are clearly defined accountabilities for each role. In this case, the question is - who is accountable for a specific activity of Backlog management including its transparency. The following are guidance from The Scrum Guide: ------ - The Product Owner remains accountable for Product Backlog Management. - The Product Owner is also accountable for ensuring that the Product Backlog is transparent, visible, and understood. ------ So, the best choice is the "Product Owner." Correct answer is ‘c.’ |
| A Developer is requested by an important stakeholder to help them with some external task because it is urgently required by the organization’s board. The Developer referred them to Product Owner. In this case, the Scrum Master a) Should do nothing, since the Developer’s action was correct. b) Should coach the Developer to support senior management requirements. c) Should form a sub-team that can take up such external requests. | A) Should do nothing, since the Developer’s action was correct. No one is allowed to tell the Developers to work from a different set of requirements, and the Developers are not allowed to act on what anyone else says. Correct answer is ‘a.’ |
| The number one priority of the Product Owner is a) Managing the development work. b) Guarding the Scrum Team from any interruptions. c) Maximizing the value of the Scrum Team’s work. d) Testing the Development Developers’ work against detailed requirements. | C) Maximizing the value of the Scrum Team’s work. The Product Owner does not manage or direct the development work during the Sprints. It is the responsibility of the Scrum Master to manage external interruptions. While the Product Owner may help with testing, they are not responsible for detailed testing. Correct answer is ‘c.’ |
| An organization forms Scrum Teams each with a size of 15 members because it is a convenient way to map their current teams that are of the same size. a) This is okay. It will speed up the Scrum transformation. b) Scrum is immutable. It is recommended that the Scrum Team follow the guideline of ten or fewer people in order to drive the Scrum-based change. c) It is up to the Teams to decide how they want to be formed. | B) Scrum is immutable. It is recommended that the Scrum Team follow the guideline of ten or fewer people in order to drive the Scrum-based change. Scrum recommends ten or fewer people, which is small enough to reduce complexity but big enough to have the required skills and capacity. Anything less may get only marginal productivity gains. Anything more will invite complexity. Correct answer is ‘b.’ |
| A Scrum Team gets into a situation where a conflicting Developer’s behavior causes issues. Who is responsible for removing this issue? a) Management b) Product Owner c) Scrum Master d) Scrum Team | D) Scrum Team Think about who is responsible for identifying and removing different types of issues. The Scrum Master is responsible for removing impediments outside the Scrum Team’s influence. Also, they are responsible for causing change that increases the productivity of the Scrum Team. In this case, the issue faced by the Scrum Team is well within the influence of the Scrum Team to resolve. So, the Scrum Master should coach the team to resolve such items themselves. If the Scrum Master actively takes steps such as removing this person from the Team, it will lead to a diminished inclination of the Scrum Team to resolve internal problems for themselves in the long run. Correct answer is “d.” |
| A Scrum Team has many Developers with cross-functional skills. This team builds the product Increment that almost meets the conditions set by the Definition of Done. To completely meet the Definition of Done, they hand over the product Increment to another team outside the Scrum Team for specialized testing. Is this truly a cross-functional team? a) Yes b) No | B) No A Scrum Team should possess all the skills needed to deliver a valuable and useful product that meets the Definition of Done without external help. Correct answer is ‘b.’ |
| A Scrum Team decides that the frequency of the Daily Scrum should be reduced to once a week. a) Such decisions need to be approved by the Team Manager. b) Such decisions need to be approved by the Agile Coach. c) The Scrum Team is self-managing. They can choose their practices. d) The Scrum Master should coach the team on the essentials of conducting Daily Scrums. | D) The Scrum Master should coach the team on the essentials of conducting Daily Scrums. Though individuals may report to some management authority on the “people aspects,” there is no exclusive manager for a Scrum Team. In Scrum, there is no role called Agile Coach. Self-management is about the empowerment for the Scrum Team to decide who does what, when, and how. As a guardian of the Scrum implementation, the Scrum Master should coach the team on Scrum essentials. Correct answer is ‘d.’ |
| In the middle of the Sprint, a Scrum Team finds that they have more room for additional work. They decide to change the Sprint Backlog by adding a few more Backlog Items from the Product Backlog. Who should be present to decide the additional work and accordingly modify the Sprint Backlog? Select all that apply. a) Senior Developer of the Scrum Team b) Scrum Master c) All Developers d) Product Owner e) Scrum Team | C) All Developers d) Product Owner Nobody can change the Sprint Backlog other than the Developers. So, they should be present. The Product Owner is responsible for optimizing the value of the Scrum Team’s work and is needed to explain the content of the Product Backlog and give mutual consent on the next work. So, they also need to be present. Correct answers are ‘c’ and ‘d.’ |
| The support of the organization or senior management a) Is not needed for Scrum implementations. b) Is not needed because there is no scope for management in Scrum. c) Is needed to support the Product Owner to maximize the product value and the Scrum Master to coach and implement Scrum. | C) Is needed to support the Product Owner to maximize the product value and the Scrum Master to coach and implement Scrum. Correct answer is ‘c.’ |
| Who must participate in the Sprint Review? a) Scrum Team b) Audit Team c) Technical and domain experts d) Stakeholders | -------Answer------- a) Scrum Team Apart from the Scrum Team, stakeholders must participate only if they are invited by the Product Owner. Technical and domain experts are not stakeholders. If one of the options is 'invited stakeholders', it is a correct answer and needs to be selected along with 'Scrum Team.' Correct answer is ‘a.’ |
| Select all that apply. Who performs inspections in Scrum events? a) Product Owner b) Corporate Audit Group c) Developers d) Senior Management e) Technical Domain Experts f) Invited Stakeholders | A) Product Owner c) Developers f) Invited Stakeholders In Scrum, inspections are performed by those doing the work and those who have knowledge of the product. In addition to the Developers, the Product Owner and invited stakeholders inspect the product Increment during the Sprint Review. Correct answers are ‘a,’ ‘c,’ and ‘f.’ |
| You are working as a Scrum Master on a team. Your organization plans to conduct a road show on Scrum across the board. You are asked to contribute to some related events. a) You will gladly volunteer because being a Scrum Master in an organization also involves the responsibility of coaching the organization. b) You will politely refuse because you are working as a Scrum Master on a team that is fully focused on delivering the Sprint Goal. c) As a leader, you will delegate this to some other team members so that they can benefit from the learning and visibility. | A) You will gladly volunteer because being a Scrum Master in an organization also involves the responsibility of coaching the organization. One of the Scrum Master’s responsibilities is coaching Scrum to the organization. Correct answer is ‘a.’ |
| Since the Scrum Team is self-managing, it can create an additional role to represent the organization within Scrum. a) True b) False | B) False Scrum has only three roles. The organization needs are best represented in the Product Backlog, which is available and visible to the required stakeholders in an organization. Correct answer is ‘b.’ |
| An important executive wants the Developers to include a highly critical feature in the current Sprint. The Developers a) should work on that feature since an organization’s priority is more important. b) should ask the executive to work with the Product Owner. c) should negotiate with the executive and identify an alternative backlog item of comparable scope in the current Sprint that may be removed to accommodate this critical feature. | B) should ask the executive to work with the Product Owner. The Developers should only work on the items related to the Sprint Goal. No one is allowed to tell the Developers to work from a different set of requirements, and the Developers aren’t allowed to act on what anyone else says. Correct answer is ‘b.’ |
| The senior management or organization does not influence the Product Owner on how the product evolves in any way. a) True b) False | B) False The senior management and the organization set the larger strategies of organizational change. Such strategies may influence the product development. In addition, the organization enables the Product Owner to obtain information that will help them increase the value of the product and capabilities. When required, they directly engage the Product Owner in setting expectations of the product. So, though they do not play any active role within Scrum on product development, they influence it through other means. Correct answer is ‘b.’ |
| A Scrum Team must be cross-functional. It means a) Each team member must be cross-skilled. b) The team must have a mix of team members from each of the different technology functions of the organization. c) The team must have all competencies needed to create the Increment according to the Definition of Done. d) The team must divide their work according to subfunctions but sync up their work no later than the Sprint Review. | C) The team must have all competencies needed to create the Increment according to the Definition of Done. Cross-skilling of team members is desirable but not mandatory. Required skills are decided by what is needed per the Definition of Done and not by an organization’s technology functions. The team works together every day not waiting for a last-minute sync up. Correct answer is ‘c.’ |
| 6. A customer wants to communicate something very relevant and important about the product to the Scrum Team. Who should they talk to? a) Since everyone on the team is accountable for product development, the customer should meet all of them together. b) Product Owner c) Scrum Master d) Developers | B) Product Owner The Product Owner may represent the desires of a committee or customer in the Product Backlog, but those wanting to change a Product Backlog item’s priority must address the Product Owner. Correct answer is ‘b.’ |
| In a Scrum Team, only the Product Owner communicates with the stakeholders. There is no exception to this rule. a) True b) False | B) False Stakeholders only communicate with the Product Owner with respect to Product Planning, its Progress, and the Product Backlog changes. In addition, the Scrum Master can work with the stakeholders to make them understand Scrum. Also, the entire Scrum Team collaborates with stakeholders during the Sprint Review. Correct answer is ‘b.’ |
| A Developer identifies a technical issue that requires other Developers to work together to solve this. Who needs to facilitate this? a) Product Owner b) Scrum Master c) Developers | C) Developers The Developers are responsible for performing development work and meeting the Sprint Goal. If they have any issue that is within their influence to solve, they are responsible for resolving it. The Scrum Master is responsible for impediments that are outside the Scrum Team's influence. Correct answer is ‘c.’ |
| In the early days of a Product Development’s initial Sprint, the Product Backlog a) Only lays out the initially known and best-understood requirements. b) Is as comprehensive as required to complete the Product. c) Is not shared with the Developers until it is supplemented with other required specifications. | A) Only lays out the initially known and best-understood requirements. In the beginning, the Product Backlog only lays out the initially known and best-understood requirements. The Product Backlog is a living artifact that evolves and constantly changes to identify what the product needs to be appropriate, competitive, and useful. Correct answer is ‘a.’ |
| Sprint Backlog MUST contain at least one improvement item (identified from the Sprint Retrospective) a) True. b) False. | B) False. In Sprint Retrospective, the Scrum Team identifies the most helpful changes (in is way of working) to improve its effectiveness. The most impactful improvements are addressed as soon as possible. They may even be added to the Sprint Backlog for the next Sprint, but it is not mandatory. Correct answer is ‘b.’ |
| In the first few Sprints, the Developers are expected to focus on a) Setting up the basic infrastructure needed for subsequent Sprint work. b) Reviewing and baselining the project plan so the changes can be controlled. c) Iteratively refining the requirements and obtaining sign-off from the Product Owner. d) Delivering a valuable and useful product Increment. e) All of the above. | D) Delivering a valuable and useful product Increment. The Developers must try to deliver at least one piece of functionality NOT only in the first few Sprints but in every single Sprint. Correct answer is ‘d.’ |
| Which of the following does the Sprint Goal provide? a) Guidance to the team on why it is building the Increment b) Flexibility to the team about the functionalities implemented in this Sprint c) Coherence so that team members can work together d) It communicates why the Sprint is valuable to stakeholders e) All the above | E) All the above The Sprint Goal provides guidance to the Developers. It also provides some flexibility regarding the functionality implemented within the Sprint. The selected Product Backlog Items deliver one coherent function, which can be the Sprint Goal. The Sprint Goal can be any other coherence that causes the Scrum Team to work together toward a common but specific goal. Sprint Goal also communicates why the current Sprint is valuable to stakeholders. Correct answer is ‘e.’ |
| Which estimation unit must be used by the Developers for the work needed to convert the selected Product Backlog Items into a working product Increment? a) Function Points b) Ideal Hours c) Story Points d) Any useful sizing technique | D) Any useful sizing technique The work can be of varying size or estimated effort. Correct answer is ‘d.’ |
| The Sprint Backlog is modified throughout the Sprint. As soon as a new task is identified, a) The Product Owner adds it to the Sprint Backlog and communicates it to the Scrum Team. b) The Scrum Master adds it to the Sprint Backlog and communicates it to the Scrum Team. c) The Developers add it to the Sprint Backlog and communicate it to the Scrum Team. | C) The Developers add it to the Sprint Backlog and communicate it to the Scrum Team. The Sprint Backlog belongs solely to the Developers. Correct answer is ‘c.’ |
| A Scrum Team decides to divide the Sprint Backlog and assign ownership of every Sprint Backlog Item to separate individuals on the team. The Scrum Master a) Should encourage this practice as it increases productivity. b) Should coach the team to collectively take ownership of the Sprint Backlog Items even though an individual works on a specific item. c) Should encourage this practice as it increases individual accountability. | B) Should coach the team to collectively take ownership of the Sprint Backlog Items even though an individual works on a specific item. The Sprint Backlog is collectively owned by the Developers. Correct answer is ‘b.’ |
| During the Sprint, while the Sprint Backlog can be modified as more is learned, no changes are made that would endanger the Sprint Goal. a) True b) False | A) True If the Sprint Goal is endangered, it would lead to cancellation of the Sprint. Correct answer is ‘a.’ |
| Since the team is self-managing in Scrum and they manage their own work, they do not need any planning to perform their work. a) True b) False | B) False There are still planning activities in Scrum. Though there is no detailed long-term planning for a complete project, the planning is done for short-term Sprints. Within Sprint, the Developers further plans work for the next 24 hours in the Daily Scrum, by inspecting the work since the last Daily Scrum and forecasting upcoming Sprint work. This is a more realistic approach, and continuous planning allows the team to be agile enough to pro-actively look for changes and respond to the changes. Correct answer is ‘b.’ |
| Not having the Daily Scrum will a) Reduce the opportunity to create a status report. b) Reduce the speed of development work. c) Reduce the transparency of overall progress. | C) Reduce the transparency of overall progress. Failure to include any of the Scrum events (including the Daily Scrum) results in reduced transparency and is a lost opportunity to inspect and adapt. Correct answer is ‘c.’ |
| Developers must use three standard questions (yesterday, today, impediment) in Daily Scrum. a) True. b) False. | B) False. In earlier versions of The Scrum Guide, it was mandatory and now it is only a suggestion. Correct answer is ‘b.’ |
| During the Daily Scrum, a team member says he does not know when his task will be complete. a) It is acceptable as the Sprint Review date is far away. b) Replace the team member with a new team member. c) The Developers should collaborate to plan alternative steps such as pairing the member with someone else to eliminate the risk of not meeting the Sprint Goal. d) The Scrum Master should mentor the team member on how to estimate the task. | C) The Developers should collaborate to plan alternative steps such as pairing the member with someone else to eliminate the risk of not meeting the Sprint Goal. As a self-managing team, it is the team’s collective responsibility to immediately take steps to resolve issues and meet the Sprint Goal. They still have to discuss how to improve the team member’s abilities, but it is a topic for discussion later in the Sprint Retrospective. This issue is well within the influence of the Developers to solve and hence the Scrum Master’s help is not needed. Correct answer is ‘c.’ |
| In Scrum, the usage of a forecast tool like a Burn-down Chart is a foolproof way of estimating the completion of product development. a) Incorrect. The Burn-up Chart is the better alternative. b) Incorrect. Such practices, though useful to some extent, do not replace the importance of empiricism. c) Correct. If the Scrum Team is highly disciplined in updating the Burn-down Chart, then this can be true. | B) Incorrect. Such practices, though useful to some extent, do not replace the importance of empiricism. Burn-up and Burn-down Charts have proven useful. However, these do not replace the importance of empiricism. In complex environments, what will happen is unknown. Only what has happened may be used for forward-looking decision-making. Correct answer is ‘b.’ |
| Within every Sprint, the working Increment should be tested progressively starting from unit testing, then integration testing, and finally user acceptance testing. a) Yes. It is the prescribed method. b) No. The test strategy is decided by the Quality Assurance Lead in the team. c) Not necessarily. It is up to the team to find the best approach to testing. d) Incorrect. It should also include non-functional testing. | C) Not necessarily. It is up to the team to find the best approach to testing. While the team needs to ensure that each Increment is thoroughly tested, all Increments work together and meet the Definition of Done, it is up to the team to find the best approach to achieve this. Correct answer is ‘c.’ |
| The increment is a step towards a) A vision or goal. b) Sprint completion or project closure. c) Sign-off or phase completion. | A) A vision or goal. The Increment is the sum of all the Product Backlog items completed during a Sprint and the value of the increments of all previous Sprints. An increment is a body of inspectable, done work that supports empiricism at the end of the Sprint. The increment is a step toward a vision or goal. Correct answer is ‘a.’ |
| In the Sprint Review, the presentation of the product Increment to stakeholders is a) To get the Sprint completion sign-off. b) To provide the status of the project. c) To elicit feedback. | C) To elicit feedback. The Sprint Review is an informal meeting, not a status meeting, and the presentation of the Increment is intended to elicit feedback and foster collaboration. Correct answer is ‘c.’ |
| The difference between the Product Burn Down chart & the Sprint Burn down chart is a) In the Product Burn Down chart, the number of Product Backlog items is shown on the Y axis. In the Sprint Burn Down chart the number of tasks is shown on the Y axis. b) In the Product Burn down chart, the sprints are shown on the X axis. In the Sprint Burn Down Chart, the days of the sprint are shown in X Axis. c) In the Product Burn-down Chart, the Sprints are shown on the y-axis.In the Sprint Burn-down Chart, the days are shown on the y-axis. | B) In the Product Burn down chart, the sprints are shown on the X axis. In the Sprint Burn Down Chart, the days of the sprint are shown in X Axis For both Product Burn Down chart & Sprint Burn Down chart, the Y axis represents the work remaining. Note that the number of work items (tasks) is different from the "amount of work". Correct is b |
| Select all that apply. The sprint review is an event that requires a) A product owner's sign off b) Active Participation of the Stakeholders invited by the Product owner. c) Transition Sign off d) Inspection & Adoption activities | B) Active Participation of the Stakeholders invited by the Product owner. d) Inspection & Adoption activities Sprint Review doesn't require any formal sign-offs as it is an informal meeting to elicit feedback and foster active collaboration between all participants. Correct answers are b & d |
| What is inspected in the sprint Retrospective? a) Sprint Improvement Plan b) Scrum Team c) Sprint Backlog | B) Scrum Team The Scrum team identifies the most helpful changes to improve its own effectiveness. Correct answer is b |
| Which is true? a) The Retrospective focuses on the Scrum team's Processes and people and the Sprint Review focuses on the Product. b) The Retrospective focuses on the product and the sprint review focuses on the scrum teams processes c) The Retrospectives focuses on the Scrum teams process & People and the Sprint Review focuses on velocity. | A) The Retrospective focuses on the Scrum team's Processes and people and the Sprint Review focuses on the Product. |
| The Scrum Team has only three Developers. The Time box for Daily Scrum is a) 3 Minutes b) 15 Minutes c) Per teams's decision | B) 15 Minutes Daily Scrum is always time boxed to 15 mins and scheduled that way. However the team can close Daily scrum earlier on the days if they are done. Correct answer is b |
| Through the effort, who takes ownership of the scrum events, sets- up the meeting for every event and invites the required participant? a) Product owner b) Scrum Master c) Scrum Team d) Developers | C) Scrum Team The scrum team is a self managing team. They manage and organize how they perform their work and are collectively the owner of their work. The Scrum team together comes up with the shared understanding of when to have these events. By bringing in this self management and regularity, the team avoids the complexities of meeting arrangement and attendance associated with traditional meetings. The Scrum master may facilitate this only during the early period but coach the scrum team to do it by themselves later. Correct answer is "C" |
| What should be the frequency of inspection in Scrum? Select all that apply. a) As planned in the Sprint planning. b) As needed by the Product owner. c) In every event within the sprint. d) Frequently as decided by the team, but not getting in the way of work. | C) In every event within the sprint. d) Frequently as decided by the team, but not getting in the way of work. Every event is an opportunity for inspection. In addition, a team can optimally inspect more frequently, without having the inspection getting in the way of work. Correct answers "C" & "D" |