Chapter 1: The Evolution of Nursing
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Chapter 1: The Evolution of Nursing - Leaderboard
Chapter 1: The Evolution of Nursing - Details
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| What is the (NCLEX)? | The National Council Licensing Examination |
| In the early civilization, what were the peoples' beliefs when came to sickness and in health? | Primitive people believed that a person became sick when an evil spirit entered the body and that a presence of a good spirit kept the disease away. |
| Frightening mask, noises, incantations, vile orders, charms, spells and sacrifices were performed by whom and why? | These methods where preformed by medicine men. They used witchcraft and rituals to induce bad spirits to leave the body of the ailing person. |
| In the early 19th century, hospitals were commonly referred as "pesthouses", why? | They were dirty, overcrowded with patients. The scope of practice delivered was limited. The providers of care were poor. Hygienic practices were poor. These factors resulted in high infection and mortality rates. |
| What were the women role in the health care in the early 19th Century? | Focus on helping other women during child birth. |
| What type of women were filling the role as nurses? Why? | Women who drank heavily, engaged in prostitution, or were inmates in jails and prisons were filling these roles. The women with the "proper upbringing" did not work outside of home. |
| In the mid-1800s who established the first school of nursing? | The Lutheran Order of Deaconesses |
| Who is Theodor Fliedner? His significance? | German pastor in Kaiserwerth, Germany. He was instrumental in the establishment of the first Protestant hospital on American shores. |
| Where was the first Protestant hospital located? What was the name of the hospital? | Located in Pittsburgh. It was named Pittsburgh Infirmary and still in existence and under the name Passavant Hospital. |
| Who was the "lady of the lamp"? | Florence Nightingale |
| What was Florence Nightingale's principals and values? | To provide standard nursing of care; good hygiene and sanitation, patient observation, accurate record keeping, nutritional improvements, and the introduction and use of new medical equipment. |
| Who was credited as the first nursing theorist, gained respect of the medical community, improved care for the sick and a much-improved image of nursing in general? | Florence Nightingale |
| What was Nightingale's plan? | The model of the 20th century. Students had to pass strict procedures, with training that lasted 1 year and included formal instruction and practical experience. |
| What did the American Medical Association (AMA) recommend every large hospital in 1869 to do? | To establish and support its own school of nursing to meet the need for patient care. |
| In 1893 what did Isabel Hampton Robb and Lavinia Dock organize? What was their goals? | The American Society Superintendents of Training Schools of Nursing. The goal was to set education standards for nurses. |
| What states where the first to mandate licensure? | North Carolina, New Jersey, New York, and Virginia. |
| In 1911 American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools had became the (NLNE). What is the NLNE? | National League of Nursing Education |
| Who developed the American Red Cross in 1881? | Clara Barton |
| Who was the first trained nurse in America? | Linda Richards |
| Who organized the first graded system of theory and practice in the schools of nursing? | Isabell Hampton Robb |
| Who became the first African-American professional nurse? | Mary Eliza Mahoney |
| Who was responsible for the development of public health nursing in the United States? | Lillian D. Wald |
| Who became a leader in nursing education? | Mary Adelaide Nutting |
| Who was a pioneer in nurse-midwifery? | Mary Breckenridge |
| What war had an increase demand for nurses? | WWI and WWII |
| How was nursing after both WWI and WII different? | After WWI, most of the women who had served as military nurses returned to their homes and previous job and careers. After WWII many nurses trained by the program remained in military service. |
| What was the Cadet Nurse Corps? | It was a training program designed to meet the needs of the war effort. |
| Why did many trained nurses remain in the military service in WWII? | Prestige, pay, and the opportunity for advancement were much greater in the military than for civilian nurses. |
| Who published a position paper recommending the baccalaureate degree level as the minimum acceptable preparation for the entry into the profession | Isabel Hampton Robb and Adelaide Nutting |
| Where are registered nursing and licensed practical nursing are conducted primarily today? | Private schools, high school, colleges, and universities. |
| What did the The National League of Nurses (NLN) realize in 2014? | LPN/LVN are valued members of the professional nursing team. |
| What where the nurse responsible for? | Providing care to the increasingly complex health conditions and managing complicated treatment modalities. |
| What where some of the challenges in nursing education? | Issues related to health reform, defining the scope of practice, high stake testing, diversity, academic progression, and faculty shortages. |
| Why the nurse's cap lost so much significance after WWII? | Interfered with care being provided. It caught on equipment. Some reported hair loss due to friction. Became a chore to wash and concerned about harboring bacteria. |
| How did facilities promote professionalism? | Require staff members to wear nametags and identification badges and dresses, which also made patients feel more comfortable and confident to distinguish nurses from other staff members. |
| What was symbolic about the first pin awarded in the New York's Bellevue Hospital? | The center displayed a crane, which demonstrated vigilance. Blue band signaled constancy and the red illustrated mercy and relief of suffering. |
| Why is nursing important to women and women's health care? | Helps women to become more aware of their unique needs. Encourages female patients to seek more responsibility for and control over their bodies health, and lives in general. |
| What were the challenges and significant changes for men nurses? | The decreasing number of men nurses. To combat the shortage of men in nursing, education and professional settings had programs to attract and recruit men to the profession. |
| The nurse advocates for the rights of whom? | All individuals. |
| The nurse advocates for the rights of whom? | All individuals. |
| Why does United States still continue to have a nursing shortage. | Aging workforce, many expecting to retire. Lack of qualified educators, which further hinders growth in profession. |
| Where was the first school for training practical nurses? | Brooklyn, New York. |
| What did the Ballard School trained their students to do? | Cared for invalids, children, the chronically ill, and the elderly. |
| What association was dedicated exclusively to practical nursing? | The Association of Practical Nurse Schools |
| What is (NAPNES)? | The National Association of Practical Nurse Education and Service |
| What did (NAPNES) and (NFLPN) accomplish for the the LVN/LPNs? | Set standards for practical nursing and vocational nursing practice, promote and protect the interest, and educate the inform the general public. |
| Program that meets minimum standards established by the states agency responsible for overseeing education programs. | Approved program |
| Practical nursing programs are offered by what organizations? | High schools, trade or technical school, hospitals, junior and community colleges, colleges and universities, and private education agencies. |
| WWI increased the need of nurses because? | Spanish influenza epidemic. |
| What was the purpose of the Smith-Hughes Act? | Provide vocational and public education. |
| The complete network of agencies, facilities and all providers of health care in specific geographic area. | Health care system |
| Health care environment includes the following: | The patient, the patient family, the community in which the system operates, technology, government and regulatory agencies, the medical profession, insurance companies, and many other forces that affect the patient's care. |
| What is the goal of the health care system? | To achieve optimal levels of health care for a defined population. |
| Highest level of optimal health. | Wellness |
| The range of which a person's total health is ever changing and is influenced by the individual's physical conditions, mental condition and social well-being. | Heath care continuum |
| List the following factors that affect the level of wellness. | Age, gender, family relationships, emotional stressors, ethic and cultural influences, and economic status. |
| A system of comprehensive or total patient care that considers the physical, emotional, social, economic, and spiritual needs of a person. | Holistic health care |
| What's the significance of Maslow's model? | To ensure the nurse understand the patient's individual level of wellness and position on the pyramid. |
| What are the levels of Maslow's hierarchy from bottom to top. | Physiological (Nutrition, elimination, oxygenation, sexuality). Safety and Security (Stability, protection, security, freedom of fear and anxiety). Love and Belongingness (Affection, acceptance by peers and community). Esteem (Self-respect, self-confidence, feeling of self-worth). Self-Actualization (Full use of individual talents). |
| Seeks to avoid disease states through wellness activities and preemptive screening programs such as mammograms, colonoscopies, and glucose screening. | Primary prevention |
| Recognizes the presence of the disease but seeks to reduce the the impact of the condition but encouraging behaviors to promote health. | Secondary prevention |
| The management of care activities for those with serious health problems who seek too improve the quality of life to reduce further loss of function. | Tertiary prevention |
| Who are educated in basic nursing techniques and perform under the supervision of the RN. | Unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) |
| What do nurses and doctors carry to protect themselves just incase a claim is filed against them? | Malpractice insurance. |
| American Hospital Association (AHA) issued the Patient's Bill of Rights to ensure what? | The fundamental rights for treatment with dignity and compassion are protected. |
| A document development to provide clarity to the needs and rights of the individual who resides a long-term care environment. | Resident's Bill of Rights |
| What do the health care provider expect from the patient? | Take active role in the planning process, understand the care and the treatment given, ask questions, follow treatment plan prescribed, act responsibly with respect to their own conditions, and give health care workers the same respect to which patients are entitled. |
| What is essential for the exchange of information among the members of the health care team? | Good communication |
| What are the 4 major concepts that were the basis for all nursing models of care? | Nursing, Patient, Health, and Environment. |
| The objectives for LPN/LVNs education are the following: | Acquire the specialized knowledge and the skills needed to meet the health of the patient in variety of settings. Be graduate of a state-approved practical or vocational nurse program Take and pass the NCLEX-PN examination Acquire a state license to practice |
| What are the responsibilities required for practice as an LVN/LPN by the (NAPNES)? | Demonstrate, Communicate, and Collaborate. |