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CVIS - Details
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287 questions
| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Who is the ACT test used on? | All interventional patients. It is a point of care testing |
| What does a hemodynamic evaluation cover? | Valve area, intracardiac pressures, cardiac output, and O2 saturation |
| On average what should be the O2 concentration in the right atrium when it returns from the body? | 75% |
| What does a hemodynamic evaluation cover? | Valve area, intracardiac pressures, cardiac output, and O2 saturation |
| What does a hemodynamic evaluation cover? | Valve area, intracardiac pressures, cardiac output, and O2 saturation |
| What does a hemodynamic evaluation cover? | Valve area, intracardiac pressures, cardiac output, and O2 saturation |
| Angiography | X-ray visualization of the internal anatomy of the heart and blood vessels after the intravascular introduction of radiopaque contrast medium. |
| What does a hemodynamic evaluation cover? | Valve area, intracardiac pressures, cardiac output, and O2 saturation |
| What is a swan-ganz catheter? | A balloon tipped flow guided catheter created in 1970 |
| What does a hemodynamic evaluation cover? | Valve area, intracardiac pressures, cardiac output, and O2 saturation |
| What was the dotter technique? | Using small catheters and slowly increasing the size to force the lumens open |
| What does a hemodynamic evaluation cover? | Valve area, intracardiac pressures, cardiac output, and O2 saturation |
| What is another name for the dotter technique? | Transluminal angioplasty |
| What does a hemodynamic evaluation cover? | Valve area, intracardiac pressures, cardiac output, and O2 saturation |
| Who performed the first balloon angioplasty? | Andreas Gruentzig |
| What does a hemodynamic evaluation cover? | Valve area, intracardiac pressures, cardiac output, and O2 saturation |
| What does a hemodynamic evaluation cover? | Valve area, intracardiac pressures, cardiac output, and O2 saturation |
| What was a major CVIS thing that a doctor did in 1953? | Dr. Sven Seldinger performed the first femoral artery catheter to the heart. |
| What does a hemodynamic evaluation cover? | Valve area, intracardiac pressures, cardiac output, and O2 saturation |
| Who created transseptal catheterization in 1959? | Ross and Cope |
| What does a hemodynamic evaluation cover? | Valve area, intracardiac pressures, cardiac output, and O2 saturation |
| What is significant about Dr. Judkin's work in 1967? | Created curved catheters |
| What did Dr. John Simpsons create in 1982? | First over wire angioplasty balloons |
| In 2002, what did the FDA approve for the first time? | Drug eluting stent |
| In 2002, what procedure was created that can help with aortic valve stenosis? | Transcatheter aortic valve replacement |
| Who created x-rays | Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen |
| Who termed cardiac catheterization? | Claude Bernard |
| What did William Harvey conclude about the body? | That the blood in an animal is impelled in a circle and is in a state of ceaseless motion. |
| Why is contrast used? | The blood vessels are the same density as the tissue around them with out the contrast |
| What did Walter Dandy create? | Pneumoencephalogram |
| Who replaced the "cut down" approach with the percutaneous method? | Dr. Sven Seldinger |
| What does POBA mean? | Plain old balloon angioplasty |
| What is the first corner stone of CVIS? | Safe catheter insertion |
| What is the second corner stone of CVIS? | Hemodynamic measurements |
| What is the third corner stone of CVIS? | Quality angiography |
| What is the fourth and last corner stone of CVIS? | Integration of procedural findings with the clinical assessment |
| What does "ALARA" mean? | As Low As Reasonably Achievable |
| What does ACT mean? | Activated Clotting Time |
| What is cardiac out-put? | The amount of blood discharged from either ventricle per minute |
| What did Dr. Henry Zimmerman do in 1949? | Created a retrograde technique to measure pressures in left ventricle |
| Who used the brachial artery around 1959? | Dr. Mason Sones |
| What does "retrograde" mean? | Against the flow of blood |
| What does "antegrade" mean? | With the flow of blood |
| What causes re-occlusions? | Neointimal hyperplasia |
| What does a hemodynamic evaluation cover? | Valve area, intracardiac pressures, cardiac output, and O2 saturation |
| Who performed the first Saphenous vein bypass in 1967? | Dr. Rene Favaloro |
| Who recorded the ventricular pressures of a horse? | Claude Bernard |
| Who performed 1st diagnostic catherization in 1941 | Cournard and Richards |
| On average what should be the O2 concentration in the right atrium when it returns from the body? | 75% |
| Why did the use of pneumoencephalogram mostly stop? | CT scans were created |
| What was an "Aortic Root Shot"? | It shows the coronary arteries coming out of the aorta with use of contrast |
| What did Stephen Hales do in 1711? | The first person to measure blood pressure. He also invented several devices, including a ventilator |
| How is a Pneumoencephalogram performed? | 10cc's of spinal fluid is replaced with air, the patient is then tilted and spun until the air bubble reaches the ventricles in the brain |
| Why is air pushed into the brain's ventricles during a pneumoencephalogram? | The air is a different density than the brain tissue, so we are able to visualize the shape of the ventricles |
| Post World War 2 what CVIS thing was a growing topic/interest | Congenital heart defects and right heart catheterization |
| What is a vagal response | The nervous system that regulates heart rate and blood pressure malfunctions in response to a trigger such a pain |
| What is Facilitated PCI? | Use of thrombolytic agents for myocardial infarctions |
| What is facilitated PCI still used for? | Patients have heart attacks in small hospitals before they are transported for treatment. |
| What limited the use of x-rays? | Overheated due to how many images per second needed for CVIS |
| How is the percutaneous method (Seldinger Technique) Performed? | Hollow needle is used, then the wire is poke through needle, needle is removed and catheter is inserted over the wire |
| What is the "cut down approach" (Sones Method)? | A vein is surgically exposed for access, causes lot of trauma |
| How is a selective coronary angiography performed? | The catheter is placed in a coronary artery, this provides a more detailed image of a specific area and multiple angles |
| What is non-selective angiography? | The catheter is placed in the aortic root and a large amount of contrast in injected. only provides one angle for an image. |
| What catheter can be used in and out the cath lab? | The Swan-Ganz catheter can be used in ICU |
| What is the fancy name for scar tissue after a stent is placed? | Neointimal Hyperplasia |
| Who is the ACT test used on? | All interventional patients. It is a point of care testing |
| What did Andreas Gruentzig perform in 1977? | Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty |
| Who helped Dotter create his technique? | Dr. Judkins |
| Why do we treat more than one blood vessel now? | Drug-eluting stents lowered the restenosis rate so it is safe now |
| What is embolization used for? | Stops bleeding in tumors, wounds, or graphs |
| What is the name of an infection that the patient did not have going into the hospital? | Nosocomial infection |
| The wall between the aorta and pulmonary artery do not form, usually associated with VSD? | Persistent truncus arteriosus |
| Where does the deoxygenated blood come back from the head? | Superior vena cava |
| Where does the deoxygenated blood come back from the lower body? | Inferior vena cava |
| Another name for pulmonic and aortic valves | Semilunar valves |
| Sinoatrial node does what to send a signal? | A wave of depolarization |
| Atrial fibrillation may lead to? | Atrial thrombus formation |
| Rate of brachycardia | Less than 60 |
| Rate of tachycardia | More than 100 |
| Systolic pressure is created when? | Contacting |
| What does ventricular fibrillation do? | The ventricle quiver instead of contract |
| Diastolic is created when? | Resting |
| Oxygen saturation represents? | Hemoglobin bound to oxygen |
| If preload increases, what happens to contractility, stroke volume, and cardiac out put? | All of these increase until critical point is reached |