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Ethics

Qatar University Computer ethics helper


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[Front]


What is ethics?
[Back]


set of believes about what is right and what is wrong.

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Ethics - Details

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What is ethics?
Set of believes about what is right and what is wrong.
Moral code?
A statement about how people should behave within society
Morality:
Shared social conventions about right and wrong that become the basis for an established consensus
Virtue:
Habit that inclines people to do what is acceptable
Vice:
Habit of unacceptable behavior
Integrity
Acting in accordance with a personal code of principles
When does Inconsistency emerges when it comes to having integrity?
In a situation that conflicts with one’s moral standards
Morals :
Personal beliefs about right and wrong
Ethics
Standards or codes of behavior expected of an individual by a group to which the individual belongs
Law
System of rules, enforced by a set of institutions, that tells us what we can and cannot do
Supply chain sustainability
Developing and maintaining a supply chain that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs
What are the Characteristics of a Successful Ethics Program?
Employees are willing to seek advice about ethics issues
Who is that Corporate Ethics Officer?
Provides an organization with vision and leadership in the area of business conduct and he is Ideally a senior-level manager who reports directly to the CEO.
Responsibilities of corporate compliance officer
Ensuring compliance of ethical procedures
Code of ethics
Statement that: Highlights an organization’s key ethical issues Identifies the overarching values and principles important to the organization and its decision making
Organizational code of ethics should
Apply to its directors, officers, and employees
Fairness approach
Common good approach
Virtue ethics approach
The ethical choice best reflects moral virtues in yourself and your community.
Utilitarian approach
The ethical choice produces the greatest excess of benefits over harm.
Common good approach
The ethical choice advances the common good.
Limitations of Various Approaches to Ethical Decision Making: Value ethics approach
• Does not provide a guide for action • Virtue cannot be worked out objectively, it depends on the circumstances
Limitations of Various Approaches to Ethical Decision Making :Utilitarian approach
Measuring and comparing the values of certain benefits and costs is difficult • Predict the full benefits and harm that result from a decision is difficult
Limitations of Various Approaches to Ethical Decision Making : Fairness approach
Decisions can be influenced by personal bias • Affected parties may consider the decision unfair
Limitations of Various Approaches to Ethical Decision Making :Common good approach
Arriving at a consensus becomes difficult • Some groups are required to bear greater costs than others
Profession
Requires specialized knowledge and a long and intensive academic preparation
Professionals have
Possess advanced training and experience
Business Software Alliance (BSA):
Aims to stop the unauthorized copying of software
Trade secret
Information that is of economic value and that has required effort or cost to develop and has some degree of uniqueness or novelty
Whistle blowing
Effort by an employee to attract attention to a negligent, illegal, unethical, or abusive act by a company that threatens the public interest
Breach of contract
Occurs when one party fails to meet the terms of a contract
Material breach of contract
Occurs when a party fails to perform certain obligations, thereby impairing or destroying the essence of the contract
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA)
FCPA): Makes it a crime to bribe a foreign official, a foreign political party official, or a candidate for foreign political office
Bribery :
Providing money, property, or favors to someone in business or government in order to obtain a business advantage
Résumé inflation :
: Lying on a résumé about one s qualifications
Inappropriate sharing of corporate information
Information may be sold or shared informally to third parties
Some of the resume lies
Date of employment
How can you uncover if someone is lying about his Education
Verification of education claims with universities and other training organizations
Who are the IT users
Person who uses a hardware or software product
IT workers have a duty
To understand a user’s needs and capabilities
Impact of Codes of Ethics on Ethical Behavior
Defines: What the organization aspires to become
Some of the prominent organization
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Impact of Professional Organizations on Ethical Behavior
Help IT workers to network with others, seek out new ideas, and continually build on their personal skills and expertise
Certification
Indicates that a professional possesses a particular set of skills, knowledge, or abilities, in the opinion of the certifying organization
What is the certification that you will get form Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist ?
Designing and optimizing solutions based on Microsoft products and technologies
What is the certification that you will get form Cisco Certified Network Professional Security?
Configuring and designing firewalls and the security settings on routers and switches
What is the certification that you will get form CompTIA A+?
Performing computer and network maintenance, troubleshooting, and installation— including addressing security issues
Government license
Permission to engage in an activity or to operate a business
Impact of Government Licensing on Ethical Behavior
Encourages IT workers to follow the highest standards of the profession and practice a code of ethics
Issues Associated with Government Licensing of IT Workers
No universally accepted core body of knowledge
Body of knowledge
Outlines agreed upon sets of skills and abilities that all licensed professionals must possess
Negligence
Not doing something that a reasonable person would do, or doing something that a reasonable person would not do
Duty of care
Obligation to protect people against any unreasonable harm or risk
Reasonable person standard
: Evaluates how an objective, careful, and conscientious person would have acted in the same circumstances
Reasonable professional standard
: Evaluates those who have particular expertise
Professional malpractice
: Liability that applies to professionals who breach the duty of care
Give an example of Software piracy
Popularity of the Android smartphone operating system has contributed to the software piracy problem
Inappropriate use of computing resources would result in
Erode worker productivity and waste time
Inappropriate sharing of information would lead to
Violation of someone s privacy, if its private data
What is compliance ?
To be in accordance with established policies, guidelines, specifications, or legislation
To ensure compliance, companies:
Implement software to track and record compliance actions
Audit committee
Board of directors provides assistance to the board with respect to the: Quality and integrity of accounting and reporting practices and controls , Organization s compliance with legal and regulatory requirements , Qualifications, independence, and performance of the organization s independent auditor , and Performance of the company s internal audit team
Audit committee : Board of directors provides assistance to the board with respect to the:
Quality and integrity of accounting and reporting practices and controls
Internal audit committee responsibilities:
Determine that internal systems and controls are adequate and effective
The United Nations Convention Against Corruption
Global treaty designed to fight bribery and corruption