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Gallbladder, Biliary Tract, Exocrine Pancreatic Disorders


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Gallbladder, Biliary Tract, Exocrine Pancreatic Disorders


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[Front]


What gives bile it's yellow-orange color?
[Back]


Bilirubin

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Gallbladder, Biliary Tract, Exocrine Pancreatic Disorders - Details

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88 questions
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When is jaundice visible?
When total serum bilirubin exceeds 2.4 mg/dL
What happens to the lobes of the liver in cirrhosis?
They become covered with fibrous tissue, the parenchyma and lobules become infiltrated with scar tissue or fat
What is biliary atresia?
Absence or underdevelopment of biliary structures
What causes biliary cirrhosis?
Destruction of the bile ducts
What is cardiac cirrhosis caused by?
Longstanding, severe right sided heart failure
Postnecrotic cirrhosis is caused by which 3 factors?
Viral hepatitis Hepatotoxins Infection
Define ascites:
Accumulation of fluid and albumin in the peritoneal cavity
The cirrhotic liver cannot absorb which vitamin?
Vitamin K; cannot produce clotting factors VII, IX, X
What are esophageal varices?
Longitudinal, tortuous veins at the end of the esophagus
Which diet used to be prescribed to a patient with cirrhosis?
Low-protein was prescribed; protein should NOT be restricted
Which diet is implemented for a patient with impending liver failure?
Protein and fluid restriction; usually sodium restriction
What can slow or even stop the progression of cirhosis?
Discontinuing drinking alcohol Treating the hepatitis
When does hepatitis D occur?
In people with hepatitis B; may progress to cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis
How is hepatitis E contracted?
Through fecal contamination of water
What are the basic pathological findings in all forms of hepatitis?
Inflammation occurs Liver cells degenerate or die Liver's function slows down
How will urine and stool appear in a patient with hepatitis?
Urine- dark, tea-colored Stool- clay-colored
What does the hepatitis B protection program consist of?
An initial vaccination Vaccination 1 month later Vaccination 6 months after initial injection
What are the common sources of liver abscess?
Abdominal infections; appendicitis diverticulitis perforated colon
What are the two most common disorders of the biliary system?
Cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder) Cholelithiasis (gallstones in the gallbladder)
Altered lipid metabolism and the female sex hormone play a role in which disease?
Cholelithiasis (gallstones)/ Cholecystitis (inflammation of gallbladder)
What are the advantages of a laparoscopic cholecystectomy?
Less invasive No unsightly scar Less pain; rapid return to normal
Where is a T tube placed?
Below the common bile duct
Which serum levels are definitive for pancreatitis?
Amylase and lipase levels 3 times above normal
What does pancreatitis pain feel like?
Severe abdominal pain radiating to the back
What is a cholecystectomy?
Removal of the gallbladder
How is bilirubin formed?
When old or damaged red blood cells release their hemoglobin