MEMORY.COM
4.37.48

Guest

Dark mode

User ID: 999999
Version: 4.37.48

www.memory.com

You are in browse mode. You must login to use MEMORY

Confused? » Read about learn, practice and the various modes

» To start learning, click login

1 / 25

[Front]

Infections

[Back]

Most common cause of inflammation

Practice Known Questions

Stay up to date with your due questions

Complete 5 questions to enable practice

Exams

Exam: Test your skills

Test your skills in exam mode

Learn New Questions

Dynamic Modes

SmartIntelligent mix of all modes

CustomUse settings to weight dynamic modes

Manual Mode [BETA]

The course owner has not enabled manual mode

Specific modes

Learn with flashcards

multiple choiceMultiple choice mode

SpeakingAnswer with voice

TypingTyping only mode

General Pathology - Leaderboard

1 user has completed this course

No users have played this course yet, be the first

General Pathology - Details

Levels:

1) Chapter 1 View

Questions:

51 questions

🇬🇧		🇬🇧

Infections

Most common cause of inflammation

Pain

Dolor

Response of a living thing to trauma (inflammation)

Vital Reaction

Increased blood in an organ or other body part

Hyperemia

Mediators of inflammation

Humoral Response

Movement of WBC's

Cellular Response

Stacking of RBC's

Rouleaux formation

Neutrophils lining up/adhering to endothelium

Margination

Movement of WBC'S out of blood vessels towards the site of tissue damage

Diapedesis

Neutrophils

Polymorphonuclear cells

Cells on the interior surface of blood vessel

Endothelial cells

Found in blood and involved in blood clotting

Platelets

Early in inflammatory response, released quickly from platelets and mast cells.

Histamine

Found in numbers of connective tissue. Releases histamine + serotonin

Mast cells

Induces distillation and increased permeability. Chemotatic agents for phagocytes.

Bradykinin

Synthesis of Bradykinin (increased permeability), Plasmin, (fibrinolysis or clot remodeling), Fibrin (formation of a clot) complement system activation.

Hageman Factor

A group of 9 plasma proteins produced by liver, circulating in an inactive form. Stimulate: histamine release, attract neutrophils by chemotaxis, promote phagocytosis and cell lysis.

Complement system

One of the 3 ways complement system can occur. Antibody/antigen complexes in an immune reaction

Classical pathway

One of the 3 ways complement system occurs. Plasma carbohydrate binding protein.

Lectin pathway

The common ending of the 3 pathways of complement system. Destroys cells drilling holes into plasma membrane. Act on leukocytes and endothelial cells.

Membrane attack complex

An antibody that attaches to foreign microorganisms making them more susceptible to phagocytosis of bacteria.

Opsonin

Histamine release with increased vessel wall permeability

Anaphylaxis

Derived from phospholipids of the plasma membrane. Becomes active through phospholipase. Metabolized through 2 pathways. Lipoxygenase pathway and cyclooxygenase pathway.

Arachidonic acid

Metabolite of Arachidonic acid. Promote Chemotaxis of neutrophils, vascular permeability, bronchospasm (airway)

Leukotrienes

Platelet aggregation, thrombosis

Thromboxane

Opposes effects of thromboxane

Prostacyclin

Smooth muscle contraction to slow blood flow down (so inflammatory reaction can take place) creates pain, fever.

Prostaglandins

Due to increased permeability of vessel wall. Increased hydrostatic pressure. Fluid leakage into interstitial tissue called Exudate. Leakage of plasma from vessels into interstitial spaces.

Emigration of WBC'S

One of 2 ways an excess of fluid in tissues may occur. Cauces increaed hydrostatic pressure within capillary. Decreased osmotic pressure (decreased protein blood)

Transudate

One of 2 ways an excess of fluid may develop. Fluid and protein leakage. Vasodilation and stasis. increased interendothelial spaces.

Exudate

Present in later stages of inflammation. 2-3% WBC's. Respond after PMN's. Slower reacting. arriving 2-3 days after injury. Phagocytic, Bactericidal. Prominent in allergic reactions such as asthma, hay fever.

Eosinophils

Less than 1% of WBC'S. Prominent in allargic reactions. Precursors of mast cells. Granules containing histamine and heparin (anticoagulant)

Basophils

Secreted by macrophages. A mediator that attracts more platelets.

Cytokines

Present in later stage of inflammation. Derived from monocytes. secrete mediator cytokines. live longer and appear in chronic inflammation.

Macrophages

Seen in chronic inflammation. part of immune response.

Lymphocytes

An immediate reaction to injury. Sudden onset, short duration. Typically mediated by neutrophils.

Acute inflammation

Defined by it's duration (lasts a long time) Onset cannot be established. Mediated by macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells. Often involves other cell types and tissue components involved with tissue repair (fibroblasts, angioblasts)

Chronic inflammation

Infection in bloodstream

Bacteremia

Toxins in bloodstream

Toxemia

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome

Sepsis

Early stage of most inflammation. Viral infection. Joint swelling in rheumatoid arthritis. Mildest form of inflammation. Lesions heal without permanent consequences.

Serous Inflammation

Exudate rich in fibrin. indicative of severe inflammation, bacterial infections. does not resolve as easily as serous inflammation. Macrophages invade exudate, lyse. Fibrin and thrombi.

Fibrous inflammation

Caused by pus forming bacteria.

Purulent inflammation

Accumulation of pus in organ or tissues. Localized in purulent inflammation.

Abscess

Forms a tract connecting the abscess to the skin, allowing drainage of pus outside the body.

Sinus

An inflammatory tract that connects 2 hollow organs or a hollow organ with the skin.

Fistula

Happens when there is inflammation of body surfaces, stomach or intestines. Involves epithelium but may affect deeper tissues.

Ulceration

Form of ulcerative inflammation but has fibrino-purulent exudation. Includes mucus, cellular debris, fibrin, pus.

Pseudomembranous inflammation

Form when the immune system attempts to wall off substances it percieves as foreign but is unable to eliminate. Consists of lymphocytes, macrophages, multinucleated giant cells.

Granulomatous inflammation

Thermorgulator

Endogenous pyrogens

Non specific symptoms: fatigue, weakness, depression, lack of appetite, exhaustion.

Constitutional symptoms