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Microbiology lab 1


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Sena Aysel


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[Front]


what microbiology studies
what microbiology studies
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Microbiology is the study of microscopic organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, archaea, fungi and protozoa.

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What microbiology studies
Microbiology is the study of microscopic organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, archaea, fungi and protozoa.
Microbiology subdisciplines
Bacteriology (the study of bacteria), mycology (the study of fungi), phycology (the study of algae), parasitology (the study of parasites), and virology (the study of viruses, and how they function inside cells)
Compounds of light microscope
Eyepiece lens, Tube, Arm, Base, Illuminator, Stage, Revolving Nosepiece or Turret, Objective lenses, Condenser lens, Diaphragm or Iris
What is light microscope is composed of
Mechanical and optical parts
What do optical parts consist of
Condenser lens, objective lens and ocular lens
Eyepiece lens
The lens at the top that you look through.  They are usually 10X or 15X power.
Tube
Connects the eyepiece to the objective lenses
Arm
Supports the tube and connects it to the base
Base
The bottom of the microscope, used for support
Illuminator
A steady light source (110 volts) used in place of a mirror.
Stage
The flat platform where you place your slides.
Stage clip
Hold the slides in place.
Mechanical stage
Can move the slide around by turning two knobs (BUT IF YOU HAVE!)
Revolving nosepiece or turret:
This is the part that holds two or more objective lenses and can be rotated to easily change power.
Objective Lenses
Usually you will find 3 or 4 objective lenses on a microscope.
Which lens has the lowest power and which has the greatest power?
The shortest lens is the lowest power, the longest one is the lens with the greatest power.
List the powers of magnifications found in the light microscope
They almost always consist of 4X, 10X, 40X and 100X powers.
Condenser Lens
Focus the light onto the specimen.
When condensers lenses are most useful
At the highest powers (400X and above)
Diaphragm or Iris
Many microscopes have a rotating disk under the stage.  This diaphragm has different sized holes and is used to vary the intensity and size of the cone of light that is projected upward into the slide.
Wet mount
The specimen is suspended (gecici olarak durmus) in a drop of liquid (usually water) located between slide and cover glass.
What is the aim of water refractive index of the water
Improves the image quality and also supports the specimen.
Differences between permanently mount and wet mount
Wet mounts cannot be stored over extended (uzayan) time periods, as the water evaporates. The permanently mounted slides use a solidifying mounting medium, which holds the cover glass in place.
Label this thing
Idk why they gave answer part
Difference between Gram positive & Gram negative
Gram Positive = Thick layer of peptidoglycan (multi-layered). Gram Negative = Thinner layer of peptidoglycan (single layer).
More about gram positive vs gram negative
Lower lipid content (for positive one) & Higher lipid content (for negative).
Staining difference
Gram positive bacteria have lots of peptidoglycan in their cell wall which allows them to retain crystal violet dye, so they stain purple-blue. Gram negative bacteria have less peptidoglycan in their cell wall so cannot retain crystal violet dye, so they stain red-pink.
There are three basic shapes of bacteria:
Coccus, bacillus, and spiral
What is heat sterilization (autoclave machine)
Sterilization is the complete removal of microorganisms from an object or surfaces. Sterilization is obtained when microorganisms are subjected to antimicrobial agents for sufficient time and at optimum conditions. Heat sterilization is the most effective and widely used method of sterilization, where the bactericidal activity results through the destruction of enzymes and other essential cell constituents.