NAC 21/02
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NAC 21/02 - Details
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160 questions
| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| What information can you gather from an isobar? | Pressure gradient Wind strength (Wind direction) |
| What is this type of front? | Cold Front |
| What is this type of front? | Occluded Front |
| What is this type of front? | Stationary Front |
| What is this type of front? | Warm Front |
| What is this type of front? | Weak Front (cold) |
| What is the pressure of the shown anticyclone? (+/- 1) | 1017, 1018 or 1019 (go for 1018) |
| What is the wind direction at the marked point? | NE (Maybe ENE) |
| Decode the following: SPECI NZAA 282030Z 09011KT 8000 SHGR FEW005 SCT019 OVC250 09/06 Q1017 | Special METAR for Auckland Airport on 28th at 2030 Zulu which is 29th 0830 NZST 11 Knot wind from 90 degrees, visibility 8000m, hail showers 1-2 octas cloud at 500ft, 3-4 octas cloud at 1900ft, 8 octas cloud at 25000ft Temperature 9 degrees, dew point 6 degrees QNH 1017 |
| Define the QNH pressure? | Pressure corrected to mean sea level, giving altitude above sea level |
| Define the QNE pressure? | Pressure at ISA, giving height above 1013.25hPa. Used for flight levels only (E.g FL320 = 32,000 above 1013.25hPa pressure level) |
| Name two of the three features of an inversion? | Limit vertical development of clouds Provide a lid to smoke and haze layers Windshear and turbulence found when surface air separated form stronger winds |
| Define Dew Point? | The temperature air has to reach to become fully saturated |
| Rising & descending air experiencing a temperature change due to pressure is known as what? | Adiabatic temperature change |
| State Buys Ballots Law? | If you stand with your back to the wind, in the Southern Hemisphere, the LOW pressure is on your RIGHT.' |
| State four ways surface wind can be estimated from an aircraft? | Windsocks Trees/plants blowing Cloud Drift Aircraft Drift Wind lanes on water Wind shadowing on water |
| What does 'Alto' mean when referring to clouds? | Middle or mid |
| What does 'Nimbo' mean when referring to clouds? | Rain or dark & rainy |
| How does icing affect the four flight forces? (Diagram) | Decreased lift Decreased thrust Increased drag Increased weight |
| State four hazards of flying in thunderstorms? (8) | Severe icing Severe turbulence Poor visibility Tornadoes Hail Electrical phenomena (lightning) Microbursts Gust fronts |
| What are the two air masses effect New Zealand? | Tropical maritime, Polar maritime (mT & mP) |
| What is the effect of Coriolis force in the Southern Hemisphere? | Bends wind to the left |
| What is this cloud? | Cumulonimbus (CB) |
| What is this cloud? | Stratocumulus (Altocumulus the same) |
| What is this cloud? | Cumulus (Humilis) |
| What is the effect of changing altitude on the power required in flight? | True airspeed (how fast air is going past) increases with altitude for the same equivalent airspeed (how much air is going past), therefore more power is required with more altitude Power = TAS x Drag TAS increases, drag remains constant |
| What three atmospheric conditions decrease as altitude increases? | Temperature Pressure Density |
| Describe the tropopause? | Isothermal area between troposphere and stratosphere |
| What is Calibrated Airspeed? (CAS) | IAS but calibrated for instrument errors |
| What is Equivalent Airspeed? (EAS) | CAS but accounts for air compressibility (pressure) |
| What is True Aispeed? (TAS) | EAS but accounts for air density |
| What is Ground Speed? (G/S) | TAS + wind (no wind: G/A = TAS) |
| What is Bernoulli's principle? | "In an ideal fluid with steady streamline flow, the sum of the energies present remains constant" |
| With reference to Bernoulli's principle, if X amount of pressure & kinetic energy enter a streamline flow, how much will exit the flow? | The same - sum of energies remains constant |
| Define relative airflow? | Free stream airflow unaffected by the passage of an aircraft through it |
| Define total reaction? | Resultant of all aerodynamic forces acting on an aerofoil |
| Define a Chord Line? | A straight line joining the centre of curvature of the leading and trailing edges |
| Define Chord? | Distance between the leading and trailing edge |
| Define Angle of Attack? (AOA) | Angle between the relative airflow and the chord line |
| 'Curved line joining leading & trailing edges, remaining equal distance from the top & bottom of the aerofoil' is describing what? | Mean camber line |
| What is the thickness to chord ratio? | Maximum thickness of the wing as a percentage of the chord |
| Describe the adverse pressure gradient? | Air pressure reaches a minimum at maximum wing thickness. Pressure increases from there as it's speed decreases towards the trailing edge, thus opposing airflow |
| What is the transition point? | Thickest point of the wing where laminar flow becomes turbulent |
| What are the three types of aerofoils? | High lift General purpose High speed |
| State the lift equation? | L = Cl x 0.5 x ρ x V² x S |
| What are the two main types of drag? | Zero-lift drag Lift dependent drag |
| What are the two types of lift dependent drag? | Induced drag Increments of zero-lift drag |
| Why are vorticies bad? | They create drag |
| If all four flight forces are balaced, what type of flight are we in? | Straight and level |
| Explain the effect of changing weight on the power required in flight? | If weight reduces, lift required reduces. Less AOA required means less lift-dependent & form drag is produced. Therefore less weight = less power required to overcome lower drag |
| What is the effect of changing altitude on the power required in flight? | True airspeed (how fast air is going past) increases with altitude for the same equivalent airspeed (how much air is going past), therefore more power is required with more altitude |
| What is another name for the critical angle of attack? | Stalling angle |
| Describe the critical angle of attack? | The angle where lift begins to decrease (due to separation point coming forwards) |
| What are the four pre-stall symptoms? | Nose up Lower airspeed Controls sloppy Light buffeting |
| What effect does lowering the flaps have on stall speed? | Decreases stall speed due to increased lift from increased wing camber |
| Three types of fuselage construction? | Truss Monocoque Semi-monocoque |
| Top left fuselage component? | Longeron |
| Bottom left component? | Bulkhead |
| Bottom right component? | Stringer |
| What does the environmental control system (ECS) manage? | Air supply Pressurisation Temperature |
| What three things are required to produce pressurisation? | Pressure air source (pump) Pressure vessel (fuselage) Outflow control (valve) |
| Name three sources of electrical power for aircraft? | Battery Generator GPU |
| Difference between anti-ice & de-ice? | Anti-ice prevents, de-ice gets rid of |
| Name four of the main areas of concern for icing? (7) | Leading edges Engine inlets Control surfaces Props/rotors Antenna Fuel vents Instrument sensing probes |
| Name four pieces of emergency equipment found on aircraft? (8) | Fire extinguisher Life vest ELT QDIS Crash axe Life raft First aid kit Oxygen |
| Describe the effect of altitude on required power in flight? | Required power = drag x TAS TAS increases at altitude, therefore more power required with more altitude |
| Bottom right component? | Bulkhead |
| Middle component? | Former |
| Define a moment? | Turning effect of a force about a point Moment = Force (weight) x Distance (arm) |
| Draw a moment of couple? | M = (F1 x F2) x D |
| Define a couple? | Two parallel forces acting in opposite directions not along the same line |
| What does the tailplane provide? | Longitudinal stability to offset the effects of residual pitching |
| What are the five flight safety issues that can be caused by insecure cargo? | Movement of aircraft COG outside permissible limits Injury to personnel inside aircraft Structural damage to aircraft Emergency exits could be blocked Damage to other cargo MISED |
| What is the danger if the aircraft's COG is too far aft at a low stall speed? | There might not be enough elevator nose down authority for recovery |
| Increasing the aircraft all up weight (AUW) leads to what? | Increased stall speed Lower surface ceiling |
| What is controlled airspace? | Airspace |
| When do you need to set your altimeter for QNE? | Climbing to above 13,000ft (FL130) Descending below FL150 (15,000ft) |
| What is controlled airspace? | Airspace |
| When do you need to set your altimeter for QNE? | Climbing to above 13,000ft (FL130) Descending below FL150 (15,000ft) |
| What is controlled airspace? | Airspace |
| When do you need to set your altimeter for QNE? | Climbing to above 13,000ft (FL130) Descending below FL150 (15,000ft) |
| What is controlled airspace? | Airspace |
| When do you need to set your altimeter for QNE? | Climbing to above 13,000ft (FL130) Descending below FL150 (15,000ft) |
| If you're flying under VFR at 10,000ft, what pressure would you use for your altimeter? | QNH (pressure of the day) |
| What is controlled airspace? | Airspace |
| Define QFE? | Pressure set to give height above the airfield (On the ground would read 0ft) |