National 5: Chemistry
Revision cards for the full National 5 Chemistry course.
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National 5: Chemistry - Details
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384 questions
| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| What factors affect the rate of reaction? | Concentration, temperature, particle size, catalyst |
| What is a catalyst? | Substance that speeds up chemical reaction but can be recovered chemically unchanged at the end of reaction |
| What must happen to reactant particles for a reaction to occur? | They must collide |
| What effect does temperature have on rate of reaction? | Higher the temperature, faster the reaction |
| What effect does concentration have on rate of reaction? | Higher the concentration, faster the reaction |
| What is concentration | A measure of number of particles of solute |
| What effect does particle size have on rate of reaction? | Smaller the particle size, faster the reaction |
| What is the formula for average reaction rate | Average reaction rate = Δquantity/Δtime |
| In the formula 'average reaction rate = Δquantity/Δtime' what may quantity be? | Concentration, mass, volume |
| Give 3 examples of units of rate | Mol l⁻¹ min⁻¹, cm³ s⁻¹, g hr⁻¹ |
| How do you know which unit of rate to use? | Depends on the unit of quantity and unit of time |
| What is metallic bonding? | The electrostatic force of attraction between positively charged ions and delocalised electrons Positively charged ions consist of the nucleus and the inner shell of electrons the outer electrons are delocalised |
| Why are metallic elements conductors of electricity? | They contain delocalised electrons that are free to move across the metal by jumping from outer shell to outer shell |
| What is the relationship between number of outer electrons of an element & group number? | Same group number = same number of outer electrons |
| What are group 1 elements called? | Alkali metals |
| How reactive are alkali metals? | Very reactive |
| What happens when alkali metals react with water? | They release hydrogen gas |
| How reactive are the halogens? | Very reactive |
| Are the halogens metals or non-metals? | Non metals |
| What are group 0 elements called? | Noble Gases |
| How reactive are the noble gases? | Very unreactive |
| Why are the noble gases not 'Group 8'? | Their lack of reactivity gives them a valency of 0 they are now called group 0 |
| Why are the noble gases monatomic? | They exist as single atoms not bonded to each other they are already stable |
| What are the similiarities between elements in the same group? | Same number of outer electrons similar chemical properties |
| What are the middle block elements? | Elements between group 2 & 3 |
| What are the middle block elements called? | Transition metals |
| What subatomic particles are atoms made of? | Protons, neutrons, electrons |
| Describe Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment | Rutherford fired beam of positively charged alpha particles at thin gold foil. Most particles passed through foil without being deflected, some were deflected occasionally. This is because the centre of the atom is positively charged + repels positively charged particles, while the rest of an atom is empty space. |
| What is the name of this diagram? | Rutherford's Atomic Model |
| Describe Rutherford's atomic model | Shows positively charged nucleus containing protons with negatively charged electrons in orbit outside the nucleus |
| What is the location of a proton | Inside nucleus |
| What is the location of a neutron? | Inside nucleus |
| What is the mass of an electron? | Almost zero |
| What is the location of an electron? | In energy levels outside nucleus |
| Why are atoms neutral? | They contain the same number of positive protons as negative electrons |
| What is mass number? | Number of protons + number of neutrons |
| How are electrons arranged? | In energy levels around the nucleus |
| What does this diagram show us? | Nuclide notation |
| How do you calculate number of neutrons | Mass number - atomic number |
| What are isotopes? | Atoms with the same atomic number and a different mass number |
| What does this diagram show us | Isotopes |
| What does a sample of an element contain? | A mixture of all the isotopes |
| What is the relative atomic mass of isotopes? | Average mass of isotopes in a sample of an element |
| What do scientists use mass spectrometers for? | Finding: number of isotopes present mass of each isotope relative proportion of each isotope as percentage |
| What does m/z stand for in this diagram? | Mass of each isotope |
| What do the two peaks in this mass spectrum diagram tell us? | There are two isotopes with mass of 35 & 37 |
| A sample of magnesium contains three isotopes of masses 24, 25, 26. The relative atomic mass of magnesium is 24.3. What does this tell you about the relative abundance of these isotopes? | There is a higher abundance of magnesium-24 in the sample, as the relative atomic mass is closest to 24. |
| How are electrons arranged in an atom? | In energy levels/shells |
| What are energy levels? | Areas of space around the nucleus where electrons with certain energy will be found |
| Where are electrons with lowest energy found? | Nearest the nucleus |
| Where are electrons with highest energy found | The energy levels furthest from nucleus |
| What is this diagram called | Energy level diagram |
| How are electrons placed on energy level diagrams? | Added to north, east, south and west paired when there are more than four |
| What is an ion? | A charged atom |
| How are ions formed? | When atoms gain or lose electrons |
| Why do atoms form ions? | To achieve stable electron arrangement |
| What is a stable electron arrangement? | A full outer energy level of electrons |
| In which energy level do atoms lose electrons? | Outer energy level |
| What is the ion formula for strontium? Electron Arrangement: 2,8,18,8,2 Symbol: Sr | Sr 2,8,18,8,2 → Sr 2,8,18,8²⁺ |
| What does this diagram show us? | Ion symbol |
| What information can be extracted from Ion Symbols? | Mass no. atomic no. charge symbol |
| How do you calculate ion symbol when given no. of protons, neutrons and electrons? | Give atomic no. Calculate mass no. Calculate charge |
| How do you work out charge when given no. of protons neutrons and electrons? | Charge= atomic no. - no. of electrons |
| What is a compound made up of? | Two or more elements chemically joined |
| What do compounds ending in -ide contain? | Two elements |
| What do compounds ending in -ite or -ate contain? | Three elements one being oxygen |
| How do non-metal elemetns join together? | By sharing electrons to form covalent bonds |
| What type of elements do covalent bonds consist of | Non metal elements |