PHARMA_2F - TOXICOLOGY 1
For 2nd year Medical Students
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PHARMA_2F - TOXICOLOGY 1 - Leaderboard
PHARMA_2F - TOXICOLOGY 1 - Details
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80 questions
| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Colorless, tasteless, odorless & non-irritating gas | Carbon monoxide / CO |
| Combines irreversibly on oxygen-binding sites of hemoglobin; has affinity 220x more than of oxygen | Carbon monoxide / CO |
| The by-product of CO-Hb complex; Interferes with the dissociation from the remaining oxyhemoglobin | Carboxyhemoglobin |
| Reduces the transfer of oxygen to the tissues | Carboxyhemoglobin |
| Treatment for CO poisoning | Hypothermic Therapy, Oxygen |
| <15% Carboxyhemoglobin | Head ache, malaise |
| 25% Carboxyhemoglobin | Decreased attention span & fine motor coordination |
| 40% Carboxyhemoglobin | Collapse & syncope |
| >60% Carboxyhemoglobin | Death - irreversible damage to the brain & heart |
| How to perform Oxygen Therapy on a CO-intoxicated patient? | High concentrations of O2 for a SHORT period of time |
| Colorless, irritant gas generated from combuston of sulfur-containing fossil fuels | Sulfur Dioxide / SO2 |
| Inhalation of Sulfur Dioxide / SO2 would cause? | Bronchoconstriction, profuse brochorrhea |
| Clinical effects of Sulfur Dioxide / SO2 | Inc. bronchial secretions |
| Treatment for Sulfur Dioxide / SO2 poisoning? | Supportive / symptomatic treatment |
| Type of alveolar cells affected upon exposure to Nitrogen Oxide | Type 1 Alveolar Cells |
| It is an absorbant of UV light at high altitude. However, it is a pollutant on ground level | Ozone / O3 |
| Widely used as an industrial solvents, degreasing & cleaning agents | Halogenated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons |
| Carbon tetrachloride | Halogenated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons |
| Chloroform | Halogenated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons |
| Trichloroethylene | Halogenated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons |
| Tetrachloroethylene | Halogenated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons |
| Clinical effects of Halogenated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons if there is CHRONIC workplace exposure | 1. neurotoxicity, 2. peripheral neuropathy |
| Main clinical effect of this SOLVENT is CNS depression (it is a CNS depressant) | Aromatic Hydrocarbons |
| 250 - 500 ppm of Benzene (Acute Toxic Effect) | Vertigo, drowsiness, nausea, headache |
| 3000 ppm of Benzene (Acute Toxic Effect) | Euphoria, nausea, locomotor problem, coma |
| Chronic exposure to Benzene would cause? | Bone marrow injury |
| Higher levels of chronic exposure to Benzene would cause? | Aplastic anemia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia |
| Low levels of Chronic epxposure to Benzene would cause? | Leukemia, myeloma, myelodysplastic syndrome |
| Benzene | Aromatic Hydrocardon |
| Toluene | Aromatic Hydrocardon |
| Xylene | Aromatic Hydrocardon |
| Calcium ion transport is inhibited, which affects the "repolarization" of the neuron = INCREASED NEURON EXCITABILITY | Organochlorine |
| Major effect of Organochlorine | CNS Stimulation |
| Chronic exposure to Organochlorine | Enhanced carcinogenesis |
| The major effect of this pesticide is INHIBITION of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE via PHOSPHORYLATION of esteratic site | Organophosphorus |
| This pesticide produces DIRECT CHOLINERGIC activity | Organophosphorus |
| Associated with PARALYSIS & AXONAL DEGENERATION | Organophosphorus Ester-induced Polyneuropathy |
| Progressive demyelination of long nerves | Organophosphorus |
| TRUE / FALSE: The signs & symptoms of Carbamate poisoning are shorter compared to Organophosphorus poisoning | True - reactivation of cholinesterase is faster |
| 2,4-Dicholorophenoxiacetic acid / (2,4-D) | Chlorophenoxy |
| 2,4,5-Tricholorophenoxyacetic acid / (2,4,5-T) | Chlorophenoxy |
| Paraquat | Bipyridyl |
| A bipyridyl agent which inhibits SUPEROXIDE DIMUTASE = intracellular free radical oxygen toxicity | Paraquat |
| Possible s/sx of Paraquat if INGESTED / ORAL EXPOSURE | Bloody stools, hematemesis |
| "Delayed toxicity" of Paraquat | Congestive hemorrhagic pulmonary edema |
| Used in large variety of dielectric & heat transfer fluids, lubricating oils, wax extenders, flame retardants | Polychlorinated / Polybrominated Biphenyls |
| Pesticides which are potent ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS | Halogenated pesticides |
| Type of Lead which is poorly absorbed in the skin | Inorganic Lead |
| TRUE / FALSE. Adults are more susceptible to Inorganic Lead poisoning | FALSE - children are more prone |
| 99% of Lead gets bound to what type of cells? | Erythrocytes / RBCs |
| 70% of Lead clearance / excretion occurs in the ________ | Kidney - 70% gets excreted in the urine |
| Long term exposure of Lead could lead to ________ | Neurocognitive effects |
| > 30 mcg/dl of Lead (Acute) | Neurocognitive effects, sleep disturbance |
| > 100 mcg/dl of Lead (Acute) | Lead Encephalopathy |
| Chronic high dose exposure to Lead | Peripheral neuropathy |
| What is the effect of Lead upon the systolic & diastolic blood pressure? | Hypertension / increases in BP |
| Effects of Lead on the GIT? | 1. Lead colick, 2. Gingival Lead Lines |
| This type of lead poisoning targets the CNS & produces dose-dependent effects | Organolead poisoning |