Pharmacology
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| The driving force for passive absorption of a drug is the: | Concentration gradient across a membrane separating body compartment |
| Physical factors influencing absorption: | Total surface area available for absorption |
| Clinical effectiveness often depends on: | Minimum serum drug concentration |
| Process by which drugs find their way into the urine, | Active tubular secretion |
| Parameters used to evaluate time-response relationship, | Onset of action |
| Clinical effectiveness often depends on: | Minimum serum drug concentration |
| Treatment of neuroses: | Psychotherapy |
| Used in treating complex partial seizure: | Carbamazepine & Phenytoin |
| Generalized tonic-clonic drug: | Phenytoin |
| The most important criterion in determining whether surgical anesthesia has been achieved is: | Absence of eye motion |
| The branch of pharmacology that deals with the study of the action of drug on functions of the body: | Pharmacodynamics |
| An anti-platelet drug: | Dipyridamole |
| Causes mydriasis by blocking the parasympathetic impulses to the sphincter muscle of the iris: | Atropine |
| Drug of choice for Tularemia: | Streptomycin |
| Can improve the CO of CHF patient: | Dobutamine |
| Histamine H1 receptor blockers are useful in the treatment of: | Rhinitis & urticaria |
| During times of stress, the adrenal gland releases ___ into the blood. | Epinephrine &adrenaline |
| Acetylcholine transmits all parasympathetic signals to end organs by binding to: | Muscarinic receptors |
| Draw water into the urine, without interfering with ion secretion or absorption in the kidney: | Osmotic diuretics |
| Arrhythmia occurs because one or more regions of the heart is/are: | Breathing too fast or too slow |
| Clinically useful agents which enhance neurotransmission include the following | Drugs which prevent transmitter degradation |
| Responsible for reducing the release of NorEpinephrine from sympathetic nerves: | Alpha 2 postsynaptic adrenergic receptor |
| Placebo may be given: | To patients with mild psychological disorders who attribute their symptoms to physical disease |
| Weak acids are reabsorbed into the bloodstream when: | The urinary pH is low |
| All of the following are catecholamines, | Norepinephrine |
| The following situations give rise to excitatory postsynaptic potential | Depolarization of the membrane |
| The response characterized by increasing magnitude with greater concentration of unbound drug at the receptor site: | Graded dose response |
| Interaction of two drugs whose opposing actions in the body tend to cancel each other’s effect: | Physiological antagonism |
| Parkinson’s disease is due to: | Excessive cholinergic activity |
| When MAOi is taken with tyramine containing food it can result to serious consequences such as: | Hypertensive crisis & cerebral stroke |
| Meclizine is used to prevent nausea and vomiting due to: | Vertigo & motion sickness |
| Antipsychotic agents reduce hallucinations and agitation by: | Blocking the reuptake of NE and SE |
| A drug used to treat chronic alcoholism: | Disulfiram |
| The following are pharmacological actions of benzodiazepines, | Reduction of anxiety |
| All of the ff. statements about the extrapyramidal effects of antipsychotics are correct, | If therapy is stopped, tardive dyskinesia occurs |
| Pharmacological effects brought about by dopamine receptor blockade, | Development of parkinsonian signs |
| Which of the ff. statements is CORRECT about Loperamide? | It is used to control diarrhea |
| Which of the ff. statements is NOT TRUE about paracetamol? | Associated with Reye’s syndrome in children |
| A dissociative anesthetic agent: | Ketamine |
| A drug useful in febrile seizure: | Phenobarbital |
| It refers to a change of one or more of the pharmacokinetic processes with increasing dose size: | Dose dependency |
| The process with the slowest rate constant in a system of simultaneous kinetic processes: | Rate limiting step |
| The sum of all body regions in which the drug concentration is an instantaneous equilibrium with that in blood or plasma: | Central compartment |
| The extent of protein binding is determined in vitro by the ff. mechanisms, | Ultra centrifugation |
| A phase I biotransformation reaction, | Sulfoxidation |
| A phase II biotransformation, | Methylation |
| Which of the ff. effects is associated with benzodiazepines? | Paradoxical excitement |
| It triggers the ovulation of an egg from the female ovary and causes the ruptured follicle to be converted to a corpus luteum: | Luteinizing hormone |
| The standard of comparison for potency of general anesthetic agent is: | Minimum alveolar concentration |
| Which of the following effects is produced by morphine, | Vasodilation of cerebral blood vessels |
| Benzodiazepines differ from barbiturates in that benzodiazepines: | Have a higher margin of safety than barbiturates |
| This drug produces rapid analgesia and amnesia while maintaining laryngeal reflexes: | Dissociative anesthesia |
| Postulates that the local anesthetic displaces Ca++ from a site near the Na+ channel and blocks the adjacent Na+ channel: | Specific receptor theory |
| Which of the ff. agents may be considered the drug of choice for the treatment of absence seizures? | Ethosuximide |
| The protein binding of a drug is defined by: | The affinity constant |