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Pharmacology for Nurses II - Herbals, Vitamins, Minerals


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Michael Collins


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Serotonergic; Moderate depression
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St. John's Wort: Class and Indication

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Pharmacology for Nurses II - Herbals, Vitamins, Minerals - Details

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Serotonergic; Moderate depression
St. John's Wort: Class and Indication
Increases levels of serotonin
St. John's Wort: Mechanism of Action
UTI prevention; Prophylactic
Cranberry: Class and Indication
Inconclusive
Fish Oil: Mechanism of Action
Evidence suggests eating seafood is better
Fish Oil: Nursing Implications
Fat soluble; Skeletal diseases
Vitamin D: Class and Indication
Fatigue, weakness, dizziness
Vitamin D: Side Effects
Pregnancy category C
Vitamin D: C/C
Recommended intake varies with age
Vitamin D: Nursing Implications
Decreased anticoagulant effects of warfarin
Vitamin K: Nursing Implications
Feeling of warmth, flushing
Vitamin B9: Side Effects
St. John's Wort: Class and Indication
Serotonergic; Moderate depression
St. John's Wort: Mechanism of Action
Increases levels of serotonin
St. John's Wort: Side Effects
Limit the effects of many prescription medications; Psychosis; Minor effects include upset stomach and sensitivity to sunlight
St. John's Wort: C/C
Do not combine with other serotonergic drugs
St. John's Wort: Nursing Implications
Stimulant - may worsen feelings of anxiety in some people
Echinacea: Class and Indication
Immune function booster; used only prophylactically
Echinacea: species
E. angustifolia, E. purpurea, E. pallida
Echinacea: Side Effects
Digestive tract symptoms - nausea, stomach pain
Echinacea: C/C
Allergic reaction - children more prone; may interfere with immunosuppressants
Cranberry: Class and Indication
UTI prevention; Prophylactic
Cranberry: Mechanism of Action
Proanthocyanidins interfere with bacterial adhesion to urinary tract
Cranberry: C/C
May increase INR of warfarin patients
Fish Oil: Class and Indication
Omega-3 fatty acid; rheumatoid arthritis (maybe)
Fish Oil: Side Effects
Minor GI symptoms - belching, indigestion, diarrhea; May extend bleeding time; Can be allergenic
Fish Oil: C/C
Caution with other anticoagulants
Fish Oil: Nursing Implications
Evidence suggests eating seafood is better
Vitamin D: Class and Indication
Fat soluble; Skeletal diseases
Vitamin D: Mechanism of Action
Regulates serum calcium by promoting mobilization of calcium from bone
Vitamin D: Side Effects
Fatigue, weakness, dizziness
Vitamin D: C/C
Pregnancy category C
Vitamin D: Nursing Implications
Recommended intake varies with age
Vitamin K: Class and Indication
Fat soluble; Warfarin overdose, neonatal hemorrhagic disease
Vitamin K: Mechanism of Action
Promotes liver synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and XI; Helps produce RBCs
Vitamin K: Side Effects
Anaphylaxis-like reaction; flushing, chills, fever, dizziness, cramp-like pains
Vitamin K: C/C
Biliary tract disease, obstructive jaundice, or severe liver disease
Vitamin K: Nursing Implications
Decreased anticoagulant effects of warfarin
Vitamin B9: Class and Indication
Water soluble; Anemias, prevents neural tube defects in newborns
Vitamin B9: Mechanism of Action
Stimulates production of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets
Vitamin B9: Side Effects
Feeling of warmth, flushing
Vitamin B9: C/C
Doses of greater than 800mcg/day increase cancer risk
Vitamin B9: Nursing Implications
Interacts with methotrexate, increases metabolism of some anticonvulsants
Vitamin C: Class and Indication
Water soluble; Synthesis and maintenance of collagen, maintain immune system, treat scurvy
Vitamin C: Mechanism of Action
Enhances iron absorption; required for synthesis of lipids, proteins, and steroids; aids in cellular respiration and resistance to infections
Vitamin C: Excess
Nausea, vomiting, heartburn; Megadoses can cause nausea, vomiting, headache, abdominal cramps, and acidified urine
Vitamin C: Deficiency
Scurvy - gingivitis, loss of teeth, anemia, subcutaneous hemorrhage, bone lesions, delayed healing
Calcium: Class and Indication
Mineral; Requirements high for growing children and pregnant or nursing women
Calcium: Mechanism of Action
Transmission of nerve impulses; Contraction of cardiac, smooth, skeletal muscles; Renal function, respiration, and blood coagulation
Calcium: Excess
Cardiac irregularities, delirium, coma, serious cardiac dysrhythmias
Calcium: Deficiency
Infantile rickets, adult osteomalacia, osteoporosis