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Physiology Exam 1


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[Front]


study of how bio systems perform their functions to maintain the steady-state internal environment
[Back]


what is physiology?

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Physiology Exam 1 - Details

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298 questions
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FALSE
T/F: some cells live in isolation in the body.
Provide proper intracellular environment
What is the purpose of water and ions in a cell?
Provide energy for cell
What is the purpose of carbohydrates in a cell?
Energy and structure (membrane)
What is the purpose of lipids in a cell?
1. lipids 2. proteins
Cellular membrane contains ______ and ______ that dictate structure and function.
Phospholipids
What molecules primary makeup cellular membrane?
1. phosphate head 2. lipid tail
What makes up a phospholipid?
1. polar 2. hydrophilic
Characteristics of phosphate head
Small, lipid-soluble molecules -ex. O2, CO2
What can pass through the cellular membrane on its own?
Large, water-soluble molecules -ex. amino acids, ions, glucose
What cannot pass through the cellular membrane on its own?
1. integral 2. peripheral
Two main types of membrane proteins
1. smooth 2. rough
Two types of ER
-no ribosomes attached -lipid synthesis
Characteristics of smooth ER
Transport vesicles
What brings products of ER to Golgi Apparatus?
Outside
Is there a higher concentrations of NA+ inside or outside of cell?
Inside
Is there higher concentration of K+ inside or outside of cell?
Controlled condition
Monitored variable=
Stimulus
Disruption=
1. receptor 2. control center 3. effector
3 components of feedback system
K+
___ gradient is a major determinant of electrical excitability
Random movement of particles
What is Brownian Motion?
Higher; lower -but not necessarily on purpose
Particles move from area of ____ concentration to areas of ____ concentration.
1. size 2. lipid-solubility 3. charge
Membrane permeability based on (3):
Human Aquaporin I
Ex of non-gated tunnel
1. size 2. shape 3. charge
Channels are selectively permeable based on (3):
TRUE
T/F: potential has to reach a threshold to open the gate.
FALSE -all or none
T/F: channel gates can halfway open.
Fick's law
What concept related to concentration differences?
Nernst equation
What concept relates to electrical potential?
FALSE
T/F: carrier proteins and channel proteins are the same.
1. primary 2. secondary
Types of active transport
1. p-pumps 2. f-pumps 3. v-pumps 4. abc-pumps
Four classes of ATP powered pumps
FALSE
T/F: there is more Na+ inside the cell than outside.
TRUE
T/F: there is more K+ inside the cell than outside.
-94mV
What is K+ Nernst equilibrium potential?
+61mV
What is Na+ Nernst equilibrium potential?
K+ -leak channels favor K+, only a little Na+ comes through
Which is more of a main player in resting membrane potential: K+ or Na+?
-70mV
RMP for normal cell=