RMOT 101 Mustelids
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RMOT 101 Mustelids - Leaderboard
RMOT 101 Mustelids - Details
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Characteristics of Family Mustelidae | - Anal scent glands - Short legged; long slender bodies and long tails - 5 toes on each foot, generally non-retractile claws - Skull cranium elongate and flattened; rostrum short - Well developed canine and carnassial teeth - Incisors poorly developed; upper molar is rotated 90 - Delayed implantation |
| Wolverine scientific name | Gulo gulo |
| Wolverine physical characteristics | -Largest mustelid, males up to 20 kg -Short, stout muscular body -Broad, flat head with short snout, small rounded ears -Bear-like paws with 5 partly retractile claws -Member of the X-men - Short and bushy tail - Long brown fur, 2 paler lateral stripes running from shoulders to rump – forms a dark saddle on the back - clumsy gallop |
| Wolverine habitat | • remote, mountainous wilderness areas; avoid contact with humans • Subalpine habitats important for denning |
| Wolverine food and feeding | - Omnivorous - roots, berries, fish, ground squirrels, hares, and ungulates - Opportunistic scavengers |
| Wolverine reproduction | • Breeding season - April to Sept • 1-3 kits are born the following March • females do not breed every year • Reproductive success tied to nutrition |
| American badger scientific name | Taxidea taxus jeffersonii |
| Badger physical characteristics | • Flattened, stout body; short legs and rounded ears • Triangular skull with flattened cranium • Long body fur, mainly yellowish to gray in colour • Hair on sides forms a “fringe” • Distinctive striping pattern on face |
| Badger behaviour | -Solitary, mainly nocturnal, burrowing -Dig burrows in pursuit of food and as den -Facultative hibernators from Nov. to April (depends on winter conditions) |
| Badger habitat? Diet? Management? | Prefer open grassland areas Small mammals No hunting or trapping - recovery efforts underway |
| Fisher scientific name | Pekania pennanti |
| Fisher habitat | -Prefer mixed forests edges and riparian areas -Resting and maternal denning sites in large dead trees |
| Fisher diet | -porcupine, snowshoe hare, squirrels, mice, voles, shrews, birds and carrion - Important in regulating porcupine #s |
| Fisher management | • Class 2 furbearer (i.e., moves between traplines) • Trapping season is Nov 1 – Feb 15 • CR in an open season, and CI if in a closed season or area |
| American and pacific marten scientific names | Martes americana Martes caurina |
| Marten physical characteristics | • Similar to fisher, but smaller (<75 cm in length) • Bigger ears, bushy tail; brown fir, usually with yellow or orange throat patch • Head may be paler than rest of body • 38 teeth; DF same as fisher |
| Marten habitat, diet, and hunting | • Found throughout BC, prefer old growth forests • Voles are main prey species on the ground • Hunt in trees (arboreal) with squirrels as main prey |
| Mink scientific name | Neovison vison |
| Mink physical characteristics and diet | -Dark brown with white chin, white throat/belly markings -Small ears and eyes, less bushy tail than marten -Semi-aquatic (webbed toes) -Coastal feed mainly on shellfish, interior on freshwater fish |
| Ermine scientific name | Mustela erminea |
| Ermine physical characteristics | • Small in size (<35 cm) • Short tail (4-11 cm) with black tip • Brown with light belly in summer, white feet • White coat in winter |
| Long-tailed Weasel scientific name | Mustela frenata |
| Long-tailed weasel characteristics | -Similar to ermine but larger with longer black-tipped tail -Feet are brown in summer -34 teeth, DF same as mink -Found in south and central BC |
| Least weasel scientific name | Mustela nivalis |
| Least weasel characteristics | -Smallest carnivore in BC (total length < 20 cm) -Short tail (< 4 cm) with no black tip -34 teeth, DF same as mink -Sparse distribution in north and central BC |
| Which tail belongs to which weasel? | A. Least weasel b. Short tailed weasel c. Long tailed weasel |
| River Otter scientific name | Lontra canadensis |
| River Otter characteristics | • Dark brown, streamlined body; lighter in face • Long tapered tail, webbed feet • Associated with rivers and lakes throughout BC, also very common on coast |
| River Otter behaviour | • Feed on fish, crustaceans, frogs, turtles, water snakes and other aquatic mammals such as juvenile muskrats and beavers • Playful, especially after snowfalls and near muddy river banks where they create river otter slides • Establish latrines on land |
| Sea Otter scientific name | Enhydra lutris |
| Sea Otter characteristics | • Has paddle-shaped hind feet and moves awkwardly on land • Tail is blunt and thicker than that of river otters • Fur is extremely dense and dark brown with a light coloured face |
| Sea Otter behaviour | • Exclusively marine, unlike river otter that is tied to land • Feed on marine invertebrates (e.g., sea urchins) and often float on their backs while feeding |