Sleep psychology
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107 questions
| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| What is stage 5 of sleep? | REM, deaming. Movement inhibitation, complete prarlysis of body. |
| How long is a sleep cycle? | 90 minutes |
| Main fuction of sleep? (most important) | Needed for survival, of you dont sleep and get sleep deperivation it can kill you |
| One physiological effect of sleep deprivation? | Affecting the nuerones, the brain wont be able to repair themselves |
| One psychological effect of sleep deprivation? | Cognitvie functiing is imparied, person finds it hard to function at a high level. |
| Benefit of REM sleep? | Associated with an increase in protiens, help to stimulate learning |
| What is a circadian rhythm? | A biological cycle that lats for 24 hours |
| What is ultradian rhythm? | A biological cycle that last for less thant 24 hours |
| What is infradian rhythm? | A biological rhythm that last for more than 24 hours |
| Examples of circadian rhythm, ultradian rhythm and infradian rhthem | Sleep-wake cycle, sleep cycle and menstrual cycle |
| Waht is the suprachiasmatic nuclei? (SCN) | Controls the circadiam rhythem and detects light |
| What is an endogenous pacemaker? | A internal biological clock |
| What external facotrs regulate circadian rythem? | Light and diet can help |
| What are exogenous zeitgebers? | External cues that synchronise our biological rhythems |
| What is the sleep wake cycle made up of? | 5 cycles of 90 mins stages of REM and NREM, lasts abt 7.5 hours |
| What is melotonin? | Hormone needed for sleep, darkness triggers the release from Pineal gland, levels are higher at night |
| What is cortisol? | Horome to make you feel alert, higher in the morning but it can be released when we are stressed. |
| What is stage 1 of sleep? | Light sleep, muscles start to relax. Last few mintues, muscles twitches, alpha and theta waves. |
| What is stage 2 of sleep? | Sleep sindles on EGG, suddent burts of nuerol activity. NREM sleep, memory consolidation. Body temp drop, heart rate drop, ready for deep sleep |
| What is stage 3 of sleep? | Deep sleep stage, harder to you up. Delta waves, slowest brain wave between 05 hz and 4hz. |
| What is stage 4 of sleep? | Deepest stage, still delta waves, hard to wake up |
| What is stage 5 of sleep? | REM, deaming. Movement inhibitation, complete prarlysis of body. |
| Strength of sleep-cycle explanation? | Real life application, importance of melotin leads to melotonin supplements. |
| Strenght of sleep-cycle explanation? | Supported by research from animales the SCN. Siffre supports the exogenous zeitgabers importance. |
| Weakness of sleep-cycle explanation? | Low generaliabilty with animals like hamsters. biologically different. |
| Weakness of sleep-cycle explanation? | Siffre done in unnatural environemnts, usedes artifical light. |
| What was the animal research of the SCN? | Ahmster removed SCN, to isolate to see cuase and effect. Hamseter random sleep-wake cycle an normal when SCN is put back in. |
| What was siffre's aim? | Investigae the effects of living withouth the influence of exogenous zietgebers (light), on his sleep-wake cycle. |
| How long was he in the cave for, dates? | 6 months, 14th feb and 5th of sep |
| How much water did he have? | 780 gallons of water |
| What did he do to keep track of his thoughts ? | Kept a diary, called a team above ground to say when he was feeling sleepy. Lamps in cave |
| What tests did Siffre do on himself? | Recording blood pressure, memory tests and psycical tasts like beads and strings and shooting a rifle |
| What did this experiment do to his memory and mood? | Low good and depression bc no compaionship. Short term memory and eyesight got worse |
| What happened to his sleep-wake cycle? | Slightly longer, 18 to 51 hours. Once 48 hours, 36 hours awake ad 12 hours asleep |
| What happened to his body clock? | Became free-running, not following a set pattern. |
| Conclusion from Siffre? | Endogenous pacemaker still worked but the absenese of exogenous zietgebrs made it not a nomale circaidam rhythm. Don't understand time without external cues. Also negativ impact on metnal helth for soical isolation |
| Weakness of Siffre? | Unique resutls for Siffe, not repersentative to wider population. Gender bias bc we was a man, could be different for women |
| Weakness of Siffre? | Hard to replicate, ethical issues invloved with the study. Can't check for similar results |
| STrength of Siffre | Eliminates other variables of Zeitgabers on his sleep wake cycle. Can see the full effect |
| Weakness of Siffre? | No one is really going to sleep in a cave, cant be applied to real life |
| Debate of Siffre? | Holistic, quantative measurements, blood pressure and qualative date of diary of emotions and mental state. |
| What is a primary disorder? | Where the disorder is the problem |
| What is a secondary disorder? | Where the probelm is a symptom of another disorder (depression) |
| What is naercolepsy? | Disorder where you sleep excessive during the day, uncontrolable sleep attacks |
| Symptoms of narcolepsy? | EDS (extreme daytime sleepiness) Hullucinations Cataplexy, loss of muscle power Sleep paralysis, awak or asleep |
| What cuases Narcolepsy? | Low nurotransmitter hypocretin, used to keep us awake Tramua Evolution, survival behaviour when we are stressed Genes |
| What is acture insomnia? | Cant sleep or staying asleep for a brief period of time |
| What is chronic insomnia? | Cant sleep or stay alseep for 3 or more nights a week to 3 months |
| Symptoms of insomnia? | Cant sleep Wake up through night Laying awake Not feeling refresehs after sleep Feeling irritable |
| What cuases insomnia? | Lifestule, jetlag , work shifts etc Health conditions, depression, heart problems Medication, food or drink. Like beta-blockers - inhibit the release of melotonin. |
| What is preconsious mind? | Able to be awae of it but requires thinking and recalling memories into consious mind. |
| What is consious mind? | We are away of it, what we hear, see and what you are currently thinking about |
| What is the unconisous mind? | Inaccessible part of the mind, effects behaviour and feeling. Thoughts are represed. Trauma etc, to protect ourselves. |
| What is the superego? | 5+ years old, moral consience. Understands rules and restrictions of parents and society, feel guilt when we do something wrong. |
| What is ego? | 12 months, provies reasonsing to balance demans between the ID and superego |
| What is the ID? | Newborns, pleasure principal seeks instant graitification. 'I want'. Could be see through our dreams. |
| What is manifest content? | Actual content of your dreams, the images you see or throughts you have |
| What is latent content? | Hidden messages in your dreams |
| What is dreamwork? | The way the mind keep uncosicious throuts hidden while we dream. To protects us and keep us asleep by repressed thoughts and ideas |
| What is condensation in dreams? | Lots of things mixed into one, seperature elemetns are important in uncovering repressed meterals, so one idea needs to be picked |
| What is displacement in dreams? | Distractions, something unimportant happens that seems important, ,shifting away from the importantint thing. Move away from something threatening |
| What is secondary elaboration in dreams? | Little details, muddles ideas from dreamwork to buld a whole story, mind adds bit of details into the dream. This gets in the way of understanding latent content. |
| Strength of Freud's theory of dreaming? | Used real life date, came from people's descriptions, used inforamtiont o reflect and understand their actual feelings and dreams |
| Strenght of Freud's theory of dreaming? | Based on in-depth date, listening to people's stories over a period of tim . Lots of stories to back us is ideas, more detialed evidecne. Qualitive date, meaningful |
| Weakness of Freud's theory of dreaming? | Baised sample, parenting same background, upper class, austrainalin and women. Gender bais and he also had to interpret the stories given to him . |
| Weakneses of Freud's theory of dreaming? | Trying to measure the unconciouses, hard to verify, hard to access. Biased interpreation to help his study. The mind doesnt pchsically exists, so hard to test. |
| What is the oral stage and age and erogenous zone? | Breat feeding, sucking 0-18 months Mouth |
| What happnes if needs aren't met and are fixeated on the oral stage? | Can develop an ED Addiction to smoking, alcohol Oral pleasure and sex |
| What is the anal stage and age and erogenous zone? | Toliet training 18 months - 3years Anus |
| What happens if needs are met and are fixated at the anus stage? | Obsessed with poo and play doh Get OCD (phrase so anal comes from) |
| What is the phallic stage and age and erogenous zone? | Oedipus complex 3-7 years Genitals |
| What is oedipus complex? | Son wants to have sex with mum and kill dad, but later accepts it that their dad is allowed, identify with father |
| What is elctra complex? | Girls wants a penis, jealous of father and wnats to kill mother because they didn't birth you with penis. Later accept and identify with mother |
| What happens if the needs are not met and fixated at the phallic stage? | The person may become obsessed with sex They start to have sexual fanticies |
| What is the latency stage and age and erogenous zone? | Desires lay doramnt 7-11 years None |
| What is the genital stage and age and erogenous zone? | Sexual attraction to other 11+ Genitals |
| What hapens at the genital stage? | Puberty, adult life beigns. Sexual desires and relationship's start. |
| What stage was little hans in? | The Phallic stage, 3 - 7 years. |
| What was the aim of the little hans study? | To describe the course of an illenss and recovary of a 5 year old boy. |
| Who told little han's story? | This father reported the dreams |
| When were Han's dream recorded? | 1907 and onwards |
| What was the first dream of Little Hans? | Woke up crying becuase he wasalseep and thought his mother was gone and dind thave a mother. |
| What did Freud interpret with the first dream? | Fear of looking mother, anexity dream. Resolving his oepidus complex |
| What was Little Hans phobia | Mother displaced by the phobia of horese, the horse repersented father and he was anxious that the horse would bite him. Once the oedipus complex had been reolves, the phobia of horses ended |
| What was the second dream of Little Hans? | A big giraffe in a room and a crumpled one. Big one calls out beucase they took the crumpled one away but stopped in the end. |
| How did Freud interpret the 2nd dream? | Hans getting into parental bed, but father (big giraffe) stopped him and took the mother (crumpled girafffe) away. Rivarly against father for his mother affection. |
| Conclusion of Freud's theory? | Han's anexity and phobia were reolves in 1908. Part of the oedipus complex. Freud sadi we has not normal and it might not apply to other chidlren, though Hans was a healthy individual when meeting with Freud in 1922. |
| Strength of Freud case study? | Qualitive data been collected. Suggest possible relationship, gives cause and effect in detial and a deeper understanding |
| Strength of Freud case study? | Longitudinal study conducted for 2 years, gets more information for and around this study |
| Weakness of Freud case study? | Case study, unique this means it cant be applied to the target population. There is also an age and gender bais. |
| Weakness of Freud case study? | The dreams of Hans were only interpreted by the father and Freud, this means that the opinons could be baised for Freud to help his theory. |
| Weakness of Freud case study? | Hans didn't give informed consent, this was all this father's idea and doing. |
| What is movement inhibitation? | Druing REM the body is prarlysed there is no movement |
| What is random activation? | During REM sleep, nuerons are still active and randomly moving |
| What is REM sleep? | This occurs 5 times each night, indicated dreaming is taking place |
| What is nuerons? | In the brain pass messages using electrical and chemical transmitions |
| What is syntheis? | Brain tries to make sense of random movemnts of the nuerons. this happens in a dream |
| What is sensory blockade? | During REM sleep no information is coming in through the senses |
| What does this study say about dreaming? | Its meaningless, REM sleep is jsut the brain trying to make sense of things |