The Trinity
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| What are the arguments rejecting the necessity of the trinity? | Some say that the Trinity is an intellectual abstraction which prevents the simple following of the way of Jesus. |
| What are the arguments rejecting the necessity of the trinity? | Some say that the Trinity is an intellectual abstraction which prevents the simple following of the way of Jesus. |
| What are the arguments rejecting the necessity of the trinity? | Some say that the Trinity is an intellectual abstraction which prevents the simple following of the way of Jesus. |
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| What do all major branches of Christian churches believe in | The doctrine of the trinity |
| What is the doctrine of the trinity? | That we have one God existing in three persons. |
| What are the arguments rejecting the necessity of the trinity? | Some say that the Trinity is an intellectual abstraction which prevents the simple following of the way of Jesus. |
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| Why is the trinity a fundamental doctrine? | States what Christians believe God is and what he's like, emphasises that God is very different from human beings and is a central element of Christian identity |
| What are the arguments rejecting the necessity of the trinity? | Some say that the Trinity is an intellectual abstraction which prevents the simple following of the way of Jesus. |
| What is the Trinitarian formula? | ‘in the name of the Father,Son and Holy Spirit.’ |
| How was this belief developed? | This is expressed in the liturgy by prayers and blessings made using the Trinitarian formula |
| Where do we see biblical proof for the trinity? | The plural for ‘God’ is used in Genesis 1:26 and the plural term ‘Elohim’ is used for God in Genesis 1:1. |
| What are the three interlocking beliefs considered orthodox by Christians? | There is one God, The Father the Son and the Holy Spirit are each fully God and each person of the Trinity is not the same. |
| What does the monotheism of Christianity include? | The monotheism of Christians, then, includes a mystery that oneness also includes ‘three-ness’ |
| What is a fundamental belief about the trinity? | Each person of the Trinity is co-equal and co-eternal |
| An example of the differences within the trinity? | Jesus, for example, is both fully God and fully human; a member of the Trinity whilst also incarnate as the human Jesus. |
| What does filioque mean? | It is a term that refers to the Son, Jesus Christ, as an additional origin point of the Holy Spirit. |
| What creeds mention the trinity? | The nicene creed and the chalcedonian creed |
| What does the nicene creed say? | "We believe in one God, the Father, we believe in one Lord, Jesus Christ, We believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life." |
| What was agreed by the church to be amended? | It was agreed by the Church to amend the Nicene creed with a detail about the Holy Spirit |
| What was the amendment made to the Nicene creed? | The holy spirit ‘proceeds from the Father’. |
| However, what became popular in some churches? | To refer to the Spirit ‘proceeding from the Father and the Son’ |
| What did people in the East believe about this? | They believed this threatened the role of the Father as the sole source of divinity in the Trinity and weakened the distinction between the Son and the Spirit. |
| What does it say in the Chalcedonian Creed? | "Acknowledge one and the same Son, our Lord Jesus Christ, at once complete in Godhead and complete in manhood" |
| What case did Augustine make? | Augustine made the case that God is a relationship in which the Spirit acts as the bond of love between the Father and the Son. |
| What did Augustine use to back his point up? | John 20:22: Jesus ‘breathes’ the Holy Spirit onto the disciples. |
| Key quotes for this topic? | (Deuteronomy 6:4), (John 20:28) (S. Bullivant) |
| (S. Bullivant) | ‘...the doctrine of the Trinity stems directly from the early Christians’ experiences of God.’ |
| (Deuteronomy 6:4) | ‘Hear, O Israel: the Lord our God, the Lord is one.’ |
| (John 20:28) | ‘Thomas answered him [Jesus], “My Lord and my God!” |
| What does the western church emphasise? | The divinity of the son and the unity of the trinity by having the holy spirit proceed from both the father and the son |
| What does the eastern church emphasise? | The monarchy of the father which results in the unity of the three persons of the trinity - since both the so and holy spirit come from the father there is one source for everything. the unity of the three can be represented just through the father |
| When did the doctrinal understanding and the wording of the nicene creed become linked? | When the insertion of the wording was used by Pope Benedict VIII |
| What are the arguments for the monotheistic claims about the Trinity? | The idea of separate aspects of a universal deity is not new, it is consistent with the Hindu concept of Brahman through countless deities or avatars. Augustine and anonymous Welsh theologians draw on analogies to explain the relationship of the trinity such as the letter A. |
| How does the relationship of love support the monotheistic claims about the Trinity? | The bible maintains that God is love. Love can only exist in a relationship. the trinity is the relationship of love between the Father, Son and the Holy Spirit. The father and son both love each other, and the holy spirit is the love which they exchange, and have gifted to humankind. |
| What are the arguments against the monotheistic claims about the Trinity? | Some argue that the Father, Son and Holy Spirit are analogous to the finite Gods of ancient pagan religions. The church has not given an adequate explanation of the trinity which has led to different types of hearsay. |
| What doe Jews and Muslims say against the monotheistic claims of the Trinity? | That the doctrine of the trinity makes it seem like there are three separate Christian Gods |
| What are some arguments for the doctrine of the trinity being necessary to understand the God of Christianity? | Interprets monotheism in the light of a specific set of events that happened in Christian Scripture. Not just an abstract belief, plays a central part in the worship of all mainstream traditions, example: baptism is carried out 'in the name of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. It sees God as a community of three people coexisting in a coequal relationship of eternal love, this provides a model for human relationships |
| What are some arguments against the doctrine of the trinity being necessary to understand the God of Christianity? | Its an abstract belief that makes no logical sense, the doctrine has given rise to many misunderstandings that have been declared heresy, and the Filioque controversy from which led to the great schism of 1054 from which the church never recovered indicates that the trinity complicates issues |
| What did Karen Kilby say against the doctrine of the trinity being necessary to understand the God of Christianity? | 'the doctrine so easily appears to be an intellectual puzzle with no relevance to the faith of most Christians' |
| What are one of the arguments for a monotheistic God? | It is a part of a mystery revealing a complex view on the nature of God. |
| What are the arguments against the monotheistic God? | Others accuse Christians of tri-theism, hiding from rationalism by appealing to ‘mystery’ or playing a word game |
| What are the arguments supporting the necessity of the trinity? | It is what makes the Christian view of God unique amongst the world’s religions, provides a coherent way to view the God of the Old and New Testaments. appeals for picturing God as a kind of equal and loving family. |
| What are the arguments rejecting the necessity of the trinity? | Some say that the Trinity is an intellectual abstraction which prevents the simple following of the way of Jesus. |
| Why did the doctrine of the Trinity arise? | The early church was faced with addressing the problem of heresy |
| What are some of the heresies put out? | Arianism, Sabellianism, adoptionism, Nestorianism, Docetism |
| What is Arianism? | Christ is no the same as God since he is impassible, unknowable and unchangeable. The incarnation is impossible. Christ is a creature subordinate to God |
| What is Sabellianism? | There is one divine personality, God, but he played three roles in history. The father suffered in the form of Jesus but they are not different existences |
| What is adoptionism? | God did not take the initiative in salvation but chose jesus, an ordinary but good man, and adopted him as God's divine son at his baptism |
| What is Nestorianism? | Christ has a dual personality, one divine and one human. These are interchangeable in the gospels |
| What is Docetism? | The human Jesus was a phantom. God was acting in a role designed to inspire humanity. God cannot feel or have emotions, so Jesus' emotions cannot be real |
| What did these ideas around the relationship between the Father, Son and Holy Spirit show? | The need for a creed that outlined accurate doctrine regarding the triune Godhead |
| What does Triune Godhead mean? | God consisting of three in one |
| What was the trinity needed to confirm? | That Jesus was fully God because he is believed to have existed from the beginning with God and was God |
| What does the trinity say about Jesus' humanity? | Jesus is fully human because he was a man of flesh and blood, born as any other person is born, experiencing all emotions and journeys humans do |
| What does incarnation theology elaborate on? | The nature of Jesus as fully God and also expresses the belief that Jesus Christ was God in human form |
| John 1:14 | "The Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us..." |
| What are the four ways Jesus' relationship with God can be defined? | Jesus as divine, Jesus' pre-existence, Jesus as co-equal with God and Jesus as co-eternal with God |
| How is Jesus seen as divine in the Chalcedon creed? | "We confess one and the same son, our Lord Jesus Christ, perfect in Godhead, perfect in Manhood, truly God and truly man" |
| How do we see Jesus' pre existence in the Chalcedon creed? | "...begotten of the father before the ages according to his Godhead..." |
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