| True or false: acetaminophen treats both pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis. | False. Acetaminophen does not treat inflammation. |
| True or false: acetaminophen is ideal for treating older patients because it has fewer side effects than NSAIDs. | True. |
| True or false: salicylate drugs treat both pain and inflammation. | True. |
| True or false: there are no long-term side effects from taking salicylate drugs. | False. They cause stomach irritation and gastric ulcers long-term. |
| Types of salicylate drugs | aspirin (Bayer, Ecotrin), magnesium salicylate (Doan's) |
| How is Ecotrin administered? | It is an enteric-coated tablet that is administered rectally. |
| Prostaglandins cause: | inflammation |
| NSAIDs treat pain and inflammation by: | inhibiting production of prostaglandins |
| NSAIDs | diclofenac (Cataflam, Voltaren), fenoprofen (Nalfon), indomethacin (Indocin), keptoprofen, meloxicam (Mobic), naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn), oxaprozin (Daypro), piroxicam (Feldene), sulindac (Clinoril) |
| What was the first Rx topical skin gel approved by the FDA for treating osteoarthritis? | diclofenac (Voltaren) |
| Indocin (indomethacin) is used to treat osteoarthritis and ..: | it is given intravenously to newborns to close persistent patent ductus arteriosus. |
| 2 NSAIDs used only to treat animals include: | carpofen (Rimadyl) for cats and dogs; and phenylbutazone (Butazolidin) for horses. |
| COX-2 (cyclooxygenase) is a(n): | enzyme that plays a role in production of prostaglandins. |
| COX-2 inhibitor drugs work by: | selectively inhibiting COX-2, which decreases production of prostaglandins. |
| The only COX-2 inhibitor still on the market is: | Celebrex (celecoxib) |
| COX-2 inhibitors that were removed from the market for increasing the risk of heart attacks and strokes are: | rofecoxib (Vioxx) and valdecoxib (Bextra) |
| True or false: corticosteroid drugs used to treat osteoarthritis are analgesics. | False, they are anti-inflammatory, used to treat acute flare-ups of inflammation of joints. |
| Corticosteroids that can be directly injected into a joint | betamethasone, dexamethasone, methylprednisolone, and triamcinolone) |
| Celestone | betamethasone |
| hydrocortisone | Cortef and Solu-Cortef |
| Medrol and Solu-Medrol | methylprednisolone |
| triamcinolone | Aristospan Intra-articular and Kenalog-10 |
| secreted by the synovial membrane of a joint to maintain the thick, slippery quality of synovial fluid. | hyaluronic acid |
| 2 brand name drugs for hyaluronic acid are: | Hyalgan and Synvisc |
| The drug hyaluronic acid is derived from: | the combs of chickens |
| Limbrel (flavocoxid) is categorized as a: | medical food product (it contains plant antioxidants) |
| Lipoxygenase (LOX) is a(n): | enzyme that converts arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. |
| prostaglandins also do this: | protect the stomach mucous membranes. |
| Osteo-Bi_Flex contains: | Glucosamine and chondroitin |
| glucosamine | helps the body produce cartilage |
| chondroitin | helps cartilage retain water content |
| Types of drugs used to treat osteoarthritis: | acetaminophen, salicylate drugs, NSAIDs, COX-2 inhibitors, and corticosteroids. |
| Rheumatoid arthritis is caused by: | autoimmune response where the immune system destroys cartilage, connective tissue, and joints. |
| The first drugs used to treat RA are: | acetaminophen, salicylate drugs, NSAIDs, COX-2 inhibitors, and corticosteroids. |
| Drugs used to treat RA that are more intensive include: | gold compound drugs, monoclonal antibody drugs, Janus kinase inhibitor drugs, and immunosuppressant drugs |
| Gold compound drugs treat RA by: | inhibiting macrophages in the immune system from attacking joints. |
| Monoclonal antibody drugs treat RA by: | preventing lymphocytes from making antibodies against joint tissues, and by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor. |
| 3 substances that can cause inflammation are: | prostaglandins, tumor necrosis factor, and cytokines |
| Janus kinase is a(n) | enzyme within cells that triggers cytokines (which are released by WBCs during an autoimmune response.) |
| azathioprine and cyclosporine treat RA by | suppressing the immune response |
| Abatacept treats RA by: | inhibiting T lymphocytes that attack joint tissues |
| Anakinra treats RA by: | blocking interleukin-1 from binding to receptors on cartilage cells and destroying cartilage. |
| Etanercept treats RA by: | blocking tumor necrosis factor and by suppressing the immune response. |
| hydroxychloroquine treats RA by: | it is unknown how hydroxychloroquine works to treat RA. |
| Leflunomide treats RA by: | controlling an overactive immune response |
| Methotrexate is used to treat both RA and: | cancer (it is a chemotherapy drug) |
| sulfasalazine has what kind of therapeutic effect? | anti-inflammatory |
| Brand name drugs for hyaluronic acid include: | Hyalgan and Synvisc |
| Limbrel is the brand name for what drug? | flavocoxid |
| Topical drugs used to treat pain of osteoarthritis include: | Aspercreme, Capsin, Icy Hot, Bengay, Musterole Deep Strength Rub, Therapeutic Mineral Ice |
| What does Aspercreme contain? | trolamine salicylate |
| What ingredients make up Bengay, Musterole, and Therapeutic Mineral Ice? | methyl salicylate and menthol) |
| Brand name for auranofin | Ridaura |
| Generic drug name for gold sodium thiomalate: | Aurolate |
| Monoclonal antibody drugs used to treat RA include: | Humira, Cimzia, Simponi, Remicade, Rituxan, and Actemra |
| generic drug name for Humira: | adalimumab |
| generic name for Cimzia: | certolizumab |
| generic name for Simponi | golimumab |
| generic name for Remicade | infliximab |
| generic name for Rituxan | rituximab |
| generic name for Actemra | tocilizumab |
| What type of drug is Xeljanz (used to treat RA)? | It's a Janus Kinase inhibitor drug |
| generic name for Xeljanz | tofacitinib |
