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level: Module 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Module 1

Question	Answer
Which of the following is not a way that protists contribute to the food web? a. They fix carbon into organic molecules. b. They enter symbiotic relationships with animals. c. They occupy the apex producer niche. d. They recycle nutrients back into the carbon and nitrogen cycles.	c. They occupy the apex producer niche.
Which parasitic protist evades the host immune system by altering its surface proteins with each generation?	Trypansoma brucei
An example of carbon fixation is __.	photosynthesis
A marine biologist analyzing water samples notices a protist with a calcium carbonate shell that moves by pseudopodia extension. The protist is likely to be closely related to which species?	Ammonia tepida
What genus of protists appears to contradict the statement that unicellularity restricts cell size?	Caulerpa
What is the function of the raphe in diatoms?	Locomotion
How many daughter cells are produced during conjugation between two paramecia?	8
Which protist group exhibits mitochondrial remnants with reduced functionality?	parabasalids
The amoeba E. histolytica is a pathogen that forms liver abscesses in infected individuals. Its metabolic classification is most likely _____	Anaerobic heterotroph
Alternation of generations describes what?	Both the haploid and diploid forms can be multicellular.
What locomotor organ is the shortest?	cilium
Protists with the capabilities to perform photosynthesis and to absorb nutrients from dead organisms are called ______________.	mixotrophs
Protists that have a pellicle are surrounded by ______________.	proteins
Which of the following observations about a bacterium would distinguish it from the last eukaryotic common ancestor?	Lack of a membrane-bound structure surrounding the genome
In 2016, scientists published the genome of Monocercomonoides, and demonstrated that this organism has no detectable mitochondrial genes. However, its genome was arranged in linear chromosomes wrapped around histones which are contained within the nucleus. Monocercomonoides is therefore a(n) _________.	eukaryote
Which protist is believed to have evolved following a secondary endosymbiosis?	chlorarachniophyta
Mitochondria most likely evolved by _____________.	endosymbiosis
Which characteristic is shared by prokaryotes and eukaryotes?	DNA-based genome
DNA-based genome	oxygenation of the atmosphere
In addition to providing yogurt with its unique flavor and texture, lactic acid-producing bacteria also provide which additional benefit during food production?	Lowering the pH to kill pathogenic bacteria
Bioremediation includes _____.	the use of prokaryotes to clean up pollutants
Which of these occurs through symbiotic nitrogen fixation? a. The plant benefits from using on endless source of nitrogen b. The soil benefits from being naturally fertilized. c. Bacteria benefits from using photosynthates from the plant. d. All of the above.	All of the above
MRSA has emerged as a serious infectious disease, with the first case of methicillin-resistant S. aureus being detected in 1961. Why are medical professionals so concerned when antibiotics exist that can kill MRSA? a. MRSA can transfer methicillin-resistance to other bacteria. b. Patients are not treated with correct antibiotics rapidly enough to prevent serious illness. c. MRSA could acquire additional antibiotic resistance genes from other bacteria to become a “super bug.” d. All of the above	All of the above
Which of these statements is true? a. An antibiotic is any substance produced by a prokaryote that is antagonistic to the growth of other viruses. b. An antibiotic is any substance produced by a organism that is antagonistic to the growth of prokaryotes. c. An antibiotic is any substance produced by a prokaryote that is antagonistic to the growth of eukaryotic cells. d. An antibiotic is any substance produced by a prokaryote that prevents growth of the same prokaryote.	An antibiotic is any substance produced by a organism that is antagonistic to the growth of prokaryotes.
A disease that is constantly present in a population is called _____.	Endemic
Cyanobacteria harness energy from the sun through photosynthesis, and oxidize water to provide electrons for energy generation. Thus, we classify cyanobacteria as _________.	photoautotrophs
Plants use carbon dioxide from the air and are therefore called _____.	Producers
Ammonification is the process by which _____.	ammonia is released during the decomposition of nitrogen-containing organic compounds
Prokaryotes that obtain their energy from chemical compounds are called _____.	chemotrophs
Which of the following elements is not a micronutrient? a. calcium b. boron c.chromium d. manganese	calcium
The lipopolysaccharide layer (LPS) is a characteristic of the wall of ________.	Gram-negative bacteria
Pseudopeptidoglycan is a characteristic of the walls of ________.	archaean prokaryotic cells
Prokaryotes stain as Gram-positive or Gram-negative because of differences in the cell _______.	wall
Organisms most likely to be found in extreme environments are ________.	archaea
The cell wall is ________.	exterior to the cell membrane
what consists of prokaryotic cells?	bacteria and archaea
The presence of a membrane-enclosed nucleus is a characteristic of ________.	eukaryotic cells
Halophiles are organisms that require________.	a salt concentration of at least 0.2 M
The first organisms that oxygenated the atmosphere were ______ .	cyanobacteria
Microbial mats __________.	are the earliest forms of life on Earth, obtained their energy and food from hydrothermal vents, and are multi-layered sheets of prokaryotes including mostly bacteria but also archaea
The first forms of life on Earth were thought to be_________.	prokaryotes
true or false viroids are single-stranded RNA particles	true
true or false viroids reproduce only outside of the cell	false
true or false viroids produce proteins	false
true or false viroids affect both plants and animals	false
Which of the following is not associated with proteins: Toxic proteins, DNA, Replicating shapes, Mad cow disease	DNA
vaccines _______.	stimulate an immune response
Which of the following is NOT used to treat active viral disease: Phage therapy, vaccines, antiviral drugs, antibiotics.	antibiotics
A bacteriophage can infect ________.	bacteria
DNA viruses _______?	use host cell's machinery to produce new copies of their genome.
Oncogenic virus cores can be_______.	either RNA or DNA
Reverse transcriptase______	transcribes RNA to make DNA
What happens during the attachment process of viral replication.	The virus attaches at specific sites on the cell surface.
true or false the lysogenic cycle kills the host cell imediately.	false
true or false viral replication does not affect host cell function	true
true or false there are 6 basic steps in the viral replication cycle	true
true or false newly released virions can infect adjacent cells	true
What is a viruses shape?	They vary in shape
The viral ________ play(s) a role in attaching a virion to the host cell.	capsid and envelope
true or false viruses are acellular.	true
Are viruses considered living?	no
true or false viruses replicate outside the cell.	false