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level: Level 2

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 2

Question	Answer
Increased bone strength and thickness - this is due to exercise stimulating the mineral content of calcium within the bones. Preventing bone weakness or injuries.	Long Term Effects of Exercise on the Skeletal System
Hypertrophy occurs due to increased muscle fibre Recruitment – increasing muscle strength – muscles get bigger and stronger.	Long Term Effects of Exercise on the Muscular System
A reduction in the resting heart rate due to the heart not having to work as hard.	Long Term Effects of Exercise on the Cardiovascular System
More efficient exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen - exercise increases the capillarization around the alveoli thus allowing for more oxygen to enter and carbon dioxide to leave.	Long Term Effects of Exercise on the Respiratory System
Increased Synovial Fluid - Movement helps to increase the blood supply to the ARTUICULAR CARTILAGE, it also increases the production of SYNOVIAL FLUID, which contains nutrients which also nourish the cartilage. Keeps bones from getting damaged.	Long Term Effects of Exercise on the Skeletal System
Increase in contraction rates resulting in quicker reaction times – increase in muscle speed	Long Term Effects of Exercise on the Muscular System
Improved endurance capacity of respiratory muscles - more oxygen getting to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles which means it can work for longer.	Long Term Effects of Exercise on the Respiratory System
Reduction in resting heart rate: due to the heart becoming stronger and stroke volume increasing the heart doesn't need to beat as often thus reducing the rate	Long Term Effects of Exercise on the Cardiovascular System
Increase in bone mineral content increases – calcium increase allowing the bones to get stronger and less likely to get fractures.	Long Term Effects of Exercise on the Skeletal System
Helps to eliminate or ease back problems due to muscles being stronger	Long Term Effects of Exercise on the Muscular System
Increased cardiac output - this is due to exercise causing the left ventricle to become thicker and stronger allowing more blood to be passed around the body.	Long Term Effects of Exercise on the Cardiovascular System
Tendons and ligaments increase in size and strength - As muscles become stronger greater force is placed on the connective tissue. (tendons/ligaments) Stress stimulates the connectives tissue to become stronger.	Long Term Effects of Exercise on the Skeletal System
Increased efficiency regarding transportation/redistribution of blood - endurance athletes have more capillaries allowing more blood to transfer through them. Causing athletes to recover quickly after exercise.	Long Term Effects of Exercise on the Cardiovascular System
Improve posture due to core muscles being stronger.	Long Term Effects of Exercise on the Muscular System
Strengthened breathing muscles: when exercising our lungs are working harder. This continuous use causes the lungs to strengthen. More muscle fibres are recruited and more oxygen is getting to the muscles.	Long Term Effects of Exercise on the Respiratory System
Increased lung efficiency: whilst exercising, the lungs take in large amounts of oxygen and excrete carbon dioxide. When exercising, the lungs inflate. With vigorous/ ongoing exercise the lungs become more elasticity so deal with this more efficiently thus getting oxygen in and carbon dioxide out the body quicker.	Long Term Effects of Exercise on the Respiratory System
Improved lactate processing - Due to better supply of oxygen to the working muscles.	Long Term Effects of Exercise on the Muscular System
Increased blood cell production - training causes red blood cell numbers to increase to match the increase in plasma volume. Plasma helps carry proteins, hormones, and nutrients to different cells in your body. These include growth hormones that help your muscles and bones grow, as well as clotting factors that help you stop bleeding when you get a cut.	Long Term Effects of Exercise on the Skeletal System
Increase in range of motion at joints and reduce joint problem	Long Term Effects of Exercise on the Skeletal System
Improves muscle flexibility - With the process of damaging and repairing the muscles, elasticity of the muscles can be increased through stretch training such as yoga.	Long Term Effects of Exercise on the Muscular System
Improved absorption of oxygen: with the lungs being stronger, exchange being quicker and lung efficiency increasing. The lungs can take in more oxygen, ensuring the heart receives this and gets it to the working muscles in order to avoid fatigue for longer. Tidal volume the volume of air moved into and out of the lungs during each ventilation cycle.	Long Term Effects of Exercise on the Respiratory System
Reduce the rate of age related bone loss – osteoporosis due to the increase of calcium	Long Term Effects of Exercise on the Skeletal System
Improved muscular endurance - Improved slow twitch fibre response. Increased O2 supply means more efficient use of slow twitch fibres. Due to better supply of oxygen to the working muscles.	Long Term Effects of Exercise on the Muscular System