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Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

QuestionAnswer
collection of starsConstellation
measure of a stars brightnessmagnitude
Mass - kilogram (kg) Force - newton (N) Energy - Joule (J) Length - meter (m) Time - second (sec)Metric Units -mass -force -energy -length -time
pico (p) 10^-12 nano (n) 10^-9 micro (u) 10^-6 milli (m) 10^-3 kilo (k) 10^3 Mega (M) 10^6 Giga (G) 10^9 Tera (T) 10^12degree of kilo meters
140.000.000 km = 1.4 x 10^8 kmScientific Notation
1 year = 13.8 billion yearsCosmic Calendar
the point directly overheadZenith
the path of the sunEcliptic
23.5 degreesWhat is the degree difference from the ecliptic to the celestial equator?
The equator of the stars, if the stars were fixed on a domeCelestial Equator
Summer - June 21 Winter - December 21 Vernal (Spring) - March 21 Autumnal (fall) - September 21When are the solstices?
eastward on the eclipticDirection Motion
westward on the eclipticRetrograde Motion
is similar to latitude, measured in degrees, zero at the equator, positive goes north to the north pole 90 degrees, south goes negative -90 degreesDeclination (dec)
similar to longitude, vernal equinox is zero, measured in hoursRight Ascension (R.A.)
GeoidWhat is the actual shape of the earth?
The movement of the earths tilt, it takes 26,000 years to complete one wobbleWhat is precession? How long does one take?
The shadow of the earth on the moon during a lunar eclipse, and the way ships disappear into the horizonHow do we know the earth is round?
Observed the suns shadows on the tropics, figured out what stadia is 12,000kmWhat did Eratosthenes do?
He was the first to make maps of the constellationsWhat did Ptolemy do?
Said the earth was a fixed point, unmovingWhat did Aristotle do?
With earth in the center and the sun and other planets orbiting the earthWhat is the geocentric model of the solar system?
proposed the heliocentric system, discovered epicycles, and said that mercury and venus were inferior planetsWhat did Copernicus do?
made extensive observations of the motions of the planets, observed the supernova of 1572 and reasoned that stars are not unchangableWhat did Tycho do?
was Tycho's assistant, originated three laws of planetary motion, stole Tycho's work, studied marsWhat did Kepler do?
The perfect solidsWhat was keplers reasoning for only 6 planets?
Planets move in ellipses, with the sun at one focusWhat is Kepler's first law?
A point that has gravitational pull, like the sunWhat is a focus?
the distance from one side of the orbit to the other, along the widest partMajor axis
the distance from one side of the orbit to the other, along the shortest partMinor axis
half of the major axisSemi-major axis
the distance from the center to a focuswhat does c equal?
Astronomical Unit, length of the semi major axis of the earths orbitWhat is an au? What is it's distance?
the point when the planet is furthest from the sunperihelion
the point when the planet is closest to the sunaphelion
The radius line from the sun to a planet sweeps out equal areas in equal times, planets don't move at a constant speedWhat is Kepler's second law?
everything follows this law, the galaxy and other plantsWhat follow Keplerian motion?
the square of the period is equal to the cube of the semi major axis, p^2=a^3, where p = the sideral period of the planet and a=the semimajor axis in auWhat is Kepler's Third law?
tracking data for 10 years then using that to predict future dataEmpirical model
launch so it arrives to the planet when the planet is there when the spacecraft arrivesLaunch Window
he was the first to use a telescope for astronomical observations, originated concept of Galilean relativity, accelerationWhat did Galileo do?
a property transmitted to an object by a mover (throwing arm)What is Impetus?
The phases of Venus, the mountains and crater on the moon, sunspots, the four brightest satellites of Jupiter, the rings of saturn, neptune (even though he didn't know what it was)What were Galileo's Telescope observations?
latin for cupCrater
latin for sea, serenitatis and tranquilitatis are examplesmare/maria
pointing a telescope at the sun then projecting onto a wallprojection viewing
falling bodies move at the same speed regardless of mass, the 1604 supernova must be a star, Letter of Christina of Lorraine 1615, Dialogue Concerning the Two chief world Systems 1632What are Galileo's Heresies?
originated the three laws of motion, originated the law of universal gravitational, with leibniz invented calculus, invented the first reflecting telescopeWhat did Isaac Newton do?
mass is the amount of matter in an object, weight is the force exerted on that objectHow are mass and weight different?
an object at rest tends to stay at rest. An object in motion moves at a constant speed in a straight line unless acted upon by a forceWhat is newtons first law of motion?
9.8 m/s^2Linear Acceleration
the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass, F=m times aNewton's Second Law of motion
for every action there is an equal and opposite reactionNewton's third law of motion
the gravitational force between any two objects is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the distance between themLaw of Universal Gravitation
F=G((m sub 1 times m sub 2) / r^2)What is the equation for law of universal gravitation?
1781 by William HerschelWhen was Uranus discovered?
1846 by GallileoWhen was Neptune discovered?
1930 by Clyde TombaughWhen was Pluto discovered?