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level: AGGRESION

Questions and Answers List

level questions: AGGRESION

Question	Answer
subcortical structures in the brain (including the hypothalamus and amygdala) thought to be closely involved in regulating emotional behaviour including aggression.	Limbic System
a neurotransmitter with widespread inhibitory effects throughout the brain. It has a key role in aggressive behaviour.	Serotonin
a horomone from the androgen group that is produced mainly in the male testes (and in smaller amounts in female ovaries). Associated with aggressiveness.	Testosterone
genes consist of DNA strandds which produce 'instructions' for general physical features of an organism and also specific physical features. These may impact in psychological features. Genes are transmitted from parent to offspring.	Genetic Factors
the gene responsible for the activity of the enzyme monoamine oxidase in the brain. The low-activity variant of the gene is closely associated with aggressive behaviour.	MAOA Gene
an explanation that seeks to understand the innate behaviour of animals (including humans) by studying them in their natural environments.	Ethological Explanation
a biological structure or process which is activated by an external stimulus that in turn triggers a fixed action pattern.	Innate Releasing Meechanism
a sequence of stereotyped pre-programmed behaviours triggered by an innate releasing mechanism.	Fixed Action Pattern
an account of the changes in species over millions of years; characteristics that enhance survival and reproduction are naturally selected.	Evolutionary Explanation
any theory that argues aggression is the result of an interaction between an individual's characteristics and features of the situations in which behaviour occurs.	Social Psychological Explanations
a social psychological theory that argues anger, hostility and even violence are always the outcome when we are prevented from achieving our goals (i.e. frustration).	Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis
a psychological state in which an individual loses their personal identity and takes on the identity of the social group, when, for example, in a crowd or wearing a uniform. The result may be to free the individual from the constraints of social norms.	De-Individualisation
aggressive or violent behaviour that takes place within the social context of a prison or other formal organised settings.	Institutional Aggression
any explanation of behaviour that highlights the importance of the individual's personality. Such explanations are often contrasted with situational explanations.	Dispositional Explanations
any explanation that identifies the causes of behaviour as existing within the environment, which may include other people. Such explanations are contrated with dispositional explanations.	Situational Explanations
repeated exposure to violence reduces normal levels of physiological and psychological arousal associated with anxiety making aggressive behaviour more likely.	Desensitisation
normal social constraints against certain bejaviours can be weakened by environmental triggers. these behaviours then appear temporarily socially acceptable and therefore more likely.	Disinhibition
violent images provide us with ready-made scripts about aggression which are stored in memory and triggered when we perceive aggressive cues in a situation.	Cognitive Priming