| phenotype | display of a particular version of a genetic trait |
| diploid, homologous pair | Somatic cells are ______ and those two make up a ________ |
| maternal and paternal | the homologous pair is one _____ and one _____ |
| Alleles | different, or changed versions of genes |
| these genes make a population diverse | allellic variation |
| mutation | change in a dna sequence of the gene |
| allelic makeup of that individual (specified traits) | genotype |
| homozygous for that gene | individual who carries two copies of the same allele |
| heterozygous | individual whose genotype has two different alleles |
| dominant and recessive | allele that exerts control on a phenotype :_____
allele that has no effect on phenotype :_____ |
| genetic cross | controlled mating to experiment with inheritance |
| F1 generation | Pgeneration are crossed to produce : |
| f2 gen | f1 gen crossed to make: |
| true-breeding | individuals with a homogenous genotype |
| Mendels law of segregation | two copies of a gene are separated during meiosis and end up in different gametes. |
| dihybrids | individuals that are heterozygous for two traits. |
| recombinant phenotypes | non parental combinations of phenotypes |
| R, r, Y, y : RY, Ry, rY, ry | combinations of dihybrid produce: |
| law of independent assortment | states when gametes form, the two copies of any given allele are sorted independently of any two alleles of other genes. |
| incomplete dominance | when alleles produces an intermediate phenotypein the heterozygote. |
| codominance | occurs when the effect of both alleles is equally visible in the phenotype of the heterozygote. |
| pleiotropy | situation in which a single gene influences two or more traits |
| epistasis | phenotypic effect of the alleles of one gene depends on the presence of certain alleles |
| polygenic traits | Traits governed by the action of more than one gene |
| complex traits | traits that cannot be predicted by laws of inheritance |
