| What is a Mutation? What does it mean for the DNA Bases? | -This is simply a Rare, Random change in the Organisms DNA, that can be Passed Along
-For the DNA Bases, it means the Sequence has Changed, so then a Genetic Variant is made, which is just a Different form of the Gene |
| How can Mutation's affect Protein making? | -Most of the Time, it will have a very Small Effect on the Protein that Gene codes for, so that means the Function continues out normally
-Some times it can slightly Alter the Phenotype, like for example the Eye Colour can be changed due to a Mutation, but not Drastically
-Rarely, it can be Massive, and really affect the Phenotype, an Example is the Genetic Disorder: Cystic Fibrosis |
| What is Cystic Fibrosis? | -This is a Genetic Disorder, that can happen simply from the Deletion of Three Bases, which can alter the Phenotype
-The Gene codes for a Protein that can control the Movement of Salt and Water in and out of Cells, but the Protein made from the Mutated Gene does not Work
-This can lead to an Excess Mucus Production in the Lungs and Digestive System, which means it becomes more Difficult to Breathe and Eat |
| What else has DNA got on it, apart from Genes coding for Proteins? | -DNA also contains Sequences of Baes called Non-Coding DNA, which are pretty much the 'Switch' of the production of Messenger RNA, so they are very Important |
| What happens if the Non-Coding DNA had an Mutation? | -If they are Mutated, they can simply stop the Production of Messenger RNA, which means the Protein isn't made At All |
| What happens if the Coding DNA had an Mutation? | -This simply means the Proteins Structure and its Function can Change
-Example: Active Site of an Enzyme changes so that means its Function is Altered |
