| What is Metabolism? | -This is simply the Amount of Chemical Reactions that takes Place inside You. |
| Why do we have Enzymes and not Increase the Temperature? | -Increasing the Temperature will make the Useful Reactions Quicker, but also the Unwanted ones will also Speed up - Not Useful. Cells also have a Limit of Heat until it will get Damaged
-Enzymes act as a Catalyst, to speed up Reactions without getting Used Up or even Changed
-Enzymes then mean Raising Temperatures would be Redundant, and that Specific Reactions will only be Sped Up
-Enzymes is a Protein, which is Coded by Genes. |
| What usually Happens in a Chemical Reaction? What is the Substrate? | -In a Chemical Reaction: Things will just either Spilt or Join together.
-The Substrate is just the Molecule that will be Changed - so Broken apart or being Fused. |
| How does an Enzyme do its Role? Why does it do it like that? | -Enzymes, are Stupid Specific. They literally will at most have 1 Substrate they can Work With
-Enzymes have an Active Site - the Part where the Substrate joins on to in order to Speed the Reaction up
-And so if the Substrate does fit in the Active Site, then it will be Catalysed - if not then Nothing will Happen. |
| How can the Temperature affect Enzyme Activity and the Rate of Reaction? | -If the Temperature Increases, at first the Rate of the Reaction will also Increase, as because both the Substrates and the Enzymes move around Quicker - More Collisions.
-If it gets Too Hot, then the Enzyme's Shape and Active Site will start to Deform - Denaturing. This means it will be Unable to Catalyse the Reaction it was Specific to, and Never Will. Its Permanent
-So when the Temperature has reached the Spot where the Rate is Highest, its the Optimum Spot for the Enzyme. [37 Degrees in Human Bodies usually] |
| How can the pH affect Enzyme Activity and the Rate of Reaction? | -If the pH gets too High or too Low, then the Enzyme will be Denatured, meaning the Shape of its Active Site will be Interfered.
-The Point where the Enzyme works best with the pH is the Optimum pH
-In the Body, there is no Definite Optimum pH. Some like it Acidic and others, Alkaline |
| How can the Enzyme Concentration affect Enzyme Activity and the Rate of Reaction? | -More Enzymes there is in the Solution - then the more Chance of a Collision with a Substrate Molecule and getting Catalysed
-However, adding more Enzymes won't always equal an Increase of Rate of Reaction, as the Number of Substrates will be Limited if left Unchanged |
| Explain the Practical which Demonstrates how Temperature affects Enzyme Activity? Use the Enzyme Catalyse. | -Catalase will break down Hydrogen Peroxide into Water & Hydrogen Gas.
-Using a Gas Syringe or an Upside Down Measuring Cylinder that is Full of Water can be Used to see how much Oxygen is made.
-So, add a Source of Catalase to a Solution of Hydrogen Peroxide in a Tube - which is then placed in a Water Bath with a Set Temperature
-After your Set Time, measure the Oxygen and then Repeat with the a Different Temperature.
-Remember, the pH, Size of Potatoes... has to ALL be Controlled. |
