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level: Structure of a Neuron

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Structure of a Neuron

Question	Answer
the scientific study of the nervous system (neurons, nerves, and nerve tissue)	Neuroscience
Branch of neuroscience that focuses on biological bases of psychological processes, behavior, and learning	Biological Psych/Behavioral Neuroscience
specialized cell that makes up the nervous system and receives and sends messages	Neuron
Branch-like structures of a neuron that receive messages from other neuron. Attached to cell body	Dendrites
cell body of the neuron responsible for maintaining the life of the cell	Soma
Tube-like fiber structure of a neuron attached to the soma that carries the message from the cell body to the axon terminals	Axon
Several shorter fibers with swellings or knobs at the end, branched off from the axon. Responsible for communicating with other nerve cells	Axon Terminals
Cells that support neurons to grow, deliver nutrients, produce myelin, clean waste and dead neurons, influence info processing and the generation of new neurons during prenatal development	Glial Cells
Fatty substance produced by glial cells that coat the axons to insulate and protect neurons, and speeds up neural messages	Myelin
a sense of balance in the nervous system	Homeostasis
the ability of the brain to form and reorganize synaptic connections, especially in response to learning or experience or following injury	neuroplasticity
glial cells for neurons in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)	oligodendrocytes
glial cells for neurons in the peripheral nervous system (body)	Schwann cells
bundles of myelin-coated axons traveling together	Tracts
bundles of axons coated in myelin that travel together through peripheral nervous system (body)	nerves
Schwann Cell	self-repairing glial cell
Sections of myelin that seem to bump into each other, are not covered in myelin	Nodes
charged particles	Ions
Process of ions moving from areas of high concentration to low concentration	Diffusion
Relative balance of electrical charges when ions are at rest	Electrostatic Pressure
the local voltage change across the cell wall as a nerve impulse is transmitted	action potential
axon closest to the soma	axon hillock
nerves	tracts