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level: Neurotransmission

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Neurotransmission

Question	Answer
sac-like structures found inside the synaptic knob containing chemicals	synaptic vesicles
chemical found in synaptic vesicles that, when released, have an effect on the next cell	neurotransmitters
microscopic fluid-filled space between the axon terminal of one cell and the dendrites or soma of the next cell	synapse
presynaptic membrane	ending vesicles of axon
surface of the dendrite next to the axon	postsynaptic membrane
proteins on surface of dendrites or cells of muscles/glands, shaped to fit only certain neurotransmitters	receptor sites
synapse at which a neurotransmitter causes the receiving of a cell	excitatory synapse
synapse at which a neurotransmitter causes the receiving cell to stop firing	inhibitory synapse
first neurotransmitter to be identified. Found at synapses between neurons and muscle cells	acetycholine ACh
chemical substances that block or reduce a cell's response to the action of other chemicals or neurotransmitters (curare drug-paralization)	antagonists
chemical substances that mimic or enhance the effects of a neurotransmitter on the receptor sites of the next cell, increasing of decreasing the activity of that cell (black widow bite-convulsions/possible death)	agonists
antagonist	blocked ACh
area in brain responsible for forming new memories	hippocampus
a monoamine neurotransmitter found in the brain and essential for the normal functioning of the central nervous system; as a drug (trade names Dopastat and Intropin) it is used to treat shock and hypotension	dopamine (DA)
a neurotransmitter involved in sleep and depression and memory	serotonin
nervous system's major excitatory neurotransmitter	glutamate
ability of brain to change connections among it's neurons	synaptic plasticity
parkinson's	Too little dopamine
schizophrenia	Too much dopamine
overactivation, neuronal damage, cell death after stroke, head injury, degenerative diseases (Alz)	Too much glutamate
most common neurotransmitter producing inhibition in brain	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
angonist	alcohol & GABA
group of substances that can serve as neurotransmitters or hormones or influence the action of other neurotransmitters	neuropeptides
pain controlling chemicals in body	endorphins
body does not produce endorphins	heroin and morphine
process by which neurotransmitters are taken back into the synaptic vesicles after action potential	reuptake
blocks reuptake process	cocaine
any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions	enzyme
the process of (instead of reuptake) ACh being broken apart by an enzyme, cleaning the synaptic gap quickly	enzymatic degradation
mimic/enhance effects of neurotransmitters	drugs acting as agonists
agonists for GABA	anti-anxiety medications (benzodiazepines)
blocking or reducing a cell's responses to the action of other chemicals or neurotransmitters	drugs acting as antagonists
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (block reuptake of seratonin)	SSRIs