| have own metabolism | Viruses are characterized by the following with an exception. Which is the exception? |
| Bacteria: | all variants are correct
are prokaryotic organisms;
are unicellular organisms;
have exchanges with the environment;
have their own metabolism |
| Fungi: | all variants are correct
are eukaryotic organisms;
possess membrane-bound cell organelles
can be yeasts
can be filamentous fungi |
| Select a drop or flame shaped bacterium: | Streptococcus pneumoniae |
| Select a comma shaped bacterium: | Vibrio cholerae |
| Select a rod shaped bacterium: | Bacillus anthracis |
| Select a spirochete: | Leptospira |
| Select a bacterium shaped as a coffee bean: | Neisseria gonorrhoeae |
| Select the smallest classic bacterium: | Pasteurella multocida |
| Select the largest pathogen bacterium: | Clostridium septicum |
| Arrangement of bacterial cells in irregular clusters (bunch of grapes) is : | staphylo |
| The occurrence of different shapes, sizes among the members of a population or a colony is: | polymorphism |
| Using the Gram staining method, Gram positive bacteria appear: | violet |
| Select the correct statement about the cytoplasm of bacteria: | does not have cytoplasmic currents |
| Select the correct statement about the cytoplasm of fungi: | it contains cytoplasmic currents |
| Select the correct statement about the cytoplasm of bacteria: | it does not have endoplasmic reticulum |
| Select the correct statement about the bacterial nucleoid: | most bacteria have one chromosome |
| The plasmids that have an independent existence and can temporarily integrate into chromosome are: | episomes |
| The most plasmids are: | supercoiled, circular double-stranded DNA molecules |
| Which component of the bacterium has role in protein synthesis? | ribosomes |
| Select the incorrect statement about organic inclusions: | can be made of polymetaphosphate |
| Which is true regarding bacterial vacuoles? | can contain gas |
| Select the correct statement about cytoplasmic membrane: | all variants are correct
it is a compulsory structure of vegetative cell
it is located between the cytoplasm and bacterial wall
it contains phospholipids and proteins
the cell membrane of bacteria, doesn’t contain sterols (with exception of Mycoplasma) |
| The roles of cytoplasmic membrane are; | all variants are correct
selective biological filter;
in replication of bacteria;
in respiratory processes of bacteria;
the place of enzymatic system;
all variants are correct |
| Select the correct statement about the bacterial wall: | all variants are correct
it is not a compulsory structure of vegetative cell;
both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria contain peptidoglycan;
mycoplasmas don't have cell wall:
L forms of bacteria don't have cell wall: |
| Select the correct statement about the bacterial wall: | polysaccharide O has role for phages receptor |
| Which component of the bacterium has role of endotoxin? | LPS complex (lipid A) |
| Defective wall bacteria include the following except: | S forms of bacteria |
| Protoplasts are obtained by treatment of which type of bacteria with lysozyme or penicillin? | Gram positive bacteria |
| Which bacterial species synthesize a true capsule? | Bacillus anthracis |
| Which bacterial species synthesize a microcapsule: | Pasteurella multocida |
| Which bacterial species synthesize a mucous capsule? | Klebsiella pneumoniae |
| Which bacterial species synthesize a true capsule? | Streptococcus pneumoniae |
| The bacterial capsule has the following roles with one exception: | the capsular substance represents the H antigen of bacteria |
| Which bacterial species synthesize a polypeptide capsule? | Bacillus anthracis |
| The capsule is an important virulence determinant because: | it protects bacteria from immune mechanisms such as phagocytes, complement or lysozyme |
| The most capsulogenic bacteria synthesise a polysaccharide capsule with one exception: | Bacillus anthracis |
| Capsular substance represents: | the antigen K |
| The type of arrangement of flagella over the entire surface cell is named: | peritrichous |
| The type of arrangement of multiple polar flagella is named: | lophotrichous |
| The type of arrangement of single polar flagellum is named: | monotrichous |
| The type of arrangement of one flagellum to each end of cell is named: | amphitrichous |
| Select correct statement about the bacterial flagella: | all variants are correct
in Gram positive bacteria the blepharoplast (basal corpuscle) is made from 2 discs;
in Gram negative bacteria the blepharoplast (basal corpuscle) is made from 4 discs;
M disc is placed in cytoplasmic membrane;
P disc is placed in peptidoglycan leyer; |
| Which bacterial genus has a high fat content? | Mycobacterium |
| The water content of vegetative cell is | 75-85% |
| Which bacterial genus contains sterols? | Mycoplasma |
| Select the most common way for replication of bacteria: | binary fission |
| The generation time of Escherichia coli is: | 20-30 minutes |
| The bacteria that grow only in absence of oxygen, are included in following respiratory type: | anaerobic- strict anaerobic subtype |
| The bacteria that grow only in the presence of atmospheric oxygen, are included in respiratory type: | aerobic-strict aerobic subtype |
| anaerobic-capnophilic subtype | The bacteria that require increased CO2 concentration, are included in respiratory type: |
| The bacteria that grow best in the presence of low oxygen levels, are included in respiratory type: | anaerobic-microaerophilic subtype |
| In which phase of bacterial growth curve is the activity of cells the most intense? | exponential phase |
| In which phase of bacterial growth curve is the sensitivity of the cells the greatest? | exponential phase |
| Which is the main reason for installing of the stationary phase? | the density of bacteria |
| Which are the reasons of decrease of bacterial population in decline phase? | all these factors
the death of cells;
depletion of nutrients;
accumulation of toxic products;
accumulation of autolytic enzymes |
| What is incorrect statement about a bacterial spore? | it is a form of reproduction of bacteria |
| Which are the triggering factors for sporulation? | all these factors
depletion of nitrogen;
exposure to suboptimal temperatures;
high cells density;
depletion of carbon |
| Select a sporogenic bacterial genus: | Clostridium |
| Select a sporogenic bacterial genus | Bacillus |
| Which is the inner most layer of the spore shell? | sporal membrane |
| Which is the protein that translocates the rest of chromosome (70%) from the mother cell in forespore? | DNA transportor protein |
| Which is the incorrect statement about a bacterial spore? | the sporal membrane contains many sulphur aminoacids with disulphide bonds |
| What happens in the first phase of sporulation? | chromosome replication |
| What happens in the last phase of sporulation? | lysis of mother cell |
| Which factors participate in the resistance of spore? | all these factors
keratin like protein;
calcium dipicolinate;
low free water content;
impermeability of spore coat |
| Which are the triggering factors for endospore activation? | all these factors
the presence of glucose in medium;
heat shock;
the presence of aminoacids in medium;
mercaptoetanol exposure |
| Which is the first visible change of endospore in outgrowth phase? | hydration of the cell |
| When is the germination finished? | when multiplication of the cell begins |
| In which phase of germination morphological changes do not take place? | endospore activation |
| Which are the elements of the sporal shell from inside to outside: | sporal membrane, cortex, sporal coats |
| Which statement is correct for the spore of Clostridium tetani? | the diameter of spore is larger than vegetative cell and it is terminal located |
| Which statement is correct for the spore of Bacillus spp. | the diameter of spore is smaller than vegetative cell and it has a central location |
| The resistance of spore is due to the following properties, with one exception. Which is the exception? | Sodium ions |
| The statements regarding the features of the spore of Bacillus anthracis are correct with one exception. Which is the exception? | the diameter of the spore is larger than the vegetative cell |
| The features and the processes which take place during the germination of activated spore are: | all of these processes
it is an irrevesible process;
removal of the cortex of the spore;
calcium dipicolinic acid is released;
the spore loss its refractility |
| The chemoheterotrophic bacteria use the following substances as energy and carbon source, with one exception. Which is the exception | CO2 |
| In which nutritional type, are the bacteria of interest for veterinary medicine grouped? | chemoheterotrophs; |
| Bacteria who parasitize animals obtain their nutrients from? | tissues of living organisms |
| Bacteria which use inorganic substances to synthesize their organic compounds are grouped in which nutritional type? | autotrophs |
| Bacteria which use preformed organic compounds for synthesize their organic compounds are grouped in which nutritional type? | heterotrophs |
| Bacteria which obtain the energy from chemical reactions are grouped in which nutritional type? | chemotrophs |
| Bacteria that obtain the energy from sun light are grouped in which nutritional type? | phototrophs |
| The bacteria that live in close association with other organisms are called | symbiotic bacteria; |
| The correct order of the discs of blefaroplast of Gram negative bacteria from the inside to outside is: | M, S, P, L |
| The flagellin (flagellar protein) represents the bacterial antigen: | H |
| The polysaccharides of the LPS complex from the structure of the Gram negative bacteria wall represents antigen: | O |
| The capsular substance of encapsulated bacteria represents the antigen: | K |
| Which statement about chromogenic bacteria is incorrect? | piocianin is a carotenoid pigment |
| Which statement about bacterial enzymes is incorrect? | the adaptive enzymes arise from gene mutations |
| Which statement about the microorganisms is incorrect? | the viruses contains both nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) |
| Select the correct statement about fungi: | all responses are correct |
| Select the correct statement about the viruses: | all responses are correct |
| Select the correct statement about the mesosomes: | in genetic recombination, the exogenous genetic material enters into the cell at the level of the mesosomes |
| The metabolic active form of a bacterium is: | vegetative cell |
| Which bacterial structure is compulsory for a bacterial cell? | cell membrane |
| Using Gram staining method, Gram negative bacteria appearr: | red |
| The Ziehl-Neelson staining method is used for highlight the bacteria from genus: | Mycobacterium |
| Which structure of bacteria determines the Gram status of a bacterium? | cell wall; |
| Which is the correct sequence of shell layers of an encapsullated bacterium, from outside to inside? | capsule, wall, cell membrane |
| Which bacteria are comma shaped? | Vibrio cholerae |
| ribosomes | The bacterial cytoplasm has: |
