| what is metallic bonding made up of | lattice of positive ions in a ‘sea of electrons’ |
| what are alloys | Alloys, such as brass and steel, are mixtures of a metal with other elements |
| are alloys stronger than pure metals or not? | alloys are stronger |
| reactivity series | Potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium, (carbon), zinc, iron, (hydrogen) and copper is the reactivity series from most reactive to least reactive. |
| what happens if a metal is less reactive than carbon | it can be extracted from its oxide by heating with carbon, and the metal is displaced. |
| exmaples of extraction with carbon (as coke) | Iron, for example, is extracted from iron ore in the blast furnace. Iron ores, such as haematite contain iron oxide, which can be reduced using carbon to obtain the iron. This reaction looks like this: 2Fe₂O₃(s) + 3C(s) → 4Fe(l) + 3CO₂(g) , Iron oxide + Carbon → Iron + Carbon dioxide |
| exmaples of extraction with carbon (as coke) | Calcium carbonate (limestone) is added into the blast furnace to remove the impurities from the haematite such as silica (sand). |
| examples of extraction with carbon (as coke) | The CaCO₃ (limestone) thermally decomposes to become calcium oxide which reacts with silica (SiO₂) to form calcium silicate (CaSiO₃), also known as slag which is then funnelled out so, in the blast furnace only pure iron is left. |
| how is aluminium extracted | from bauxite, through electrolysis. |
| when does electrolysis work | extract any metals that are more reactive than carbon, such as aluminium, magnesium and calcium. |
| uses of metals | in aircraft parts because of its strength and low density, in food containers because of its resistance to corrosion. |
| uses of metals | car bodies and machinery |
| uses of metals | chemical plants and cutlery |
| uses of metals | used to galvanise (coat/plate) iron or steel to protect them from rusting. For example galvanised steel can be used on roofs as it is weather resistant. |
