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level: Level 1 of VACCINATION

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1 of VACCINATION

Question	Answer
Protection from an infectious disease If you are immune to a disease, you can be exposed to it without becoming infected.	Immunity
1 A product that stimulates a person’s immune system to produce immunity to a specific disease, protecting the person from that disease. 2 The act of introducing a vaccine into the body to produce immunity to a specific disease.	1 Vaccine 2 Vaccination
A process by which a person becomes protected against a disease through vaccination. often used interchange-ably with vaccination or inoculation.	Immunization
Types of Immunity	1 Innate Immunity 2 Acquired Immunity - Active Immunity - Passive Immunity
1 Organs, tissues and cells of the immune system that you are born with 2 Immunity that develops during your life time	1 Innate Immunity 2 Acquired Immunity
1 Types of Acquired Immunity 2 Explain NATURAL & ARTIFICIAL of both types	1 Active Immunity, Passive Immunity 2 Active Immunity 1) Natural - antibodies developed in response to infection 2) Artificial - antibodies developed in response to vaccination Passive Immunity 1) Natural - Antibodies received from mother 2) Artificial - Antibodies received from medicine (gamma globulin injection/infusion)
Types of VACCINE	1 LIVE ATTENUATED 2 INACTIVATED 3 SUBUNIT (PURIFIED) AND mRNA 4 TOXOIDS and VIRAL vaccines
1 Vaccines Live attenuated examples 2 vaccines INACTIVATED examples	1) Live attenuated 1 Tuberculosis (BCG) 2 Oral polio vaccine (OPV) 3 Measles 4 Rotavirus 5 Yellow fever 2) INACTIVATED 1 Whole-cell pertussis (wP) 2 Inactivated polio virus (IPV)
1 Vaccines SUBUNIT (PURIFIED) AND mRNA examples 2) Vaccines TOXOIDS and VIRAL vaccines examples	1) Vaccines SUBUNIT (PURIFIED) AND mRNA 1 Acellular pertussis (aP), 2 Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), 3 Pneumococcal (PCV-7, PCV-10, PCV-13) 4 Hepatitis B (HepB) 2) TOXOIDS and VIRAL vaccines 1 Tetanus toxoid (TT), 2 Diphtheria toxoid
- Available since the 1950s derived from disease- causing pathogens (virus or bacteria) that have been WEAKENED UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS. - They will grow in a vaccinated individual, but because they are weak, they will CAUSE NO OR VERY MILD DISEASE CREATE A STRONG AND LONG-LASTING IMMUNE RESPONSE	LIVE ATTENUATED VACCINE
USE THE KILLED VERSION of the germ that causes a disease. usually don’t provide immunity (protection) that’s as strong as live vaccines. NEED SEVERAL DOSES OVER TIME(booster shots) in order to get ongoing immunity against diseases.	INACTIVATED VACCINE
CONTAINS ONLY THE ANTIGENIC PARTS of the pathogen. These parts are NECESSARY TO ELICIT A PROTECTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE. less strong immune response compared to LAVs	SUBUNIT VACCINE
USES A SPECIFIC, ISOLATED PROTEIN OF THE PATHOGEN. Weakness: Denatured isolated proteins MAY BIND TO DIFFERENT ANTIBODIES THAN THE PROTEIN OF THE PATHOGEN. present an antigen to the immune system without viral particles	Protein based subunit vaccines
- Stimulates B-cells - NOT EFFECTIVE IN INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN(UNDER 18–24 MONTHS), - INDUCE ONLY SHORT-TERM IMMUNITY (slow immune response, slow rise of antibody level, no immune memory). Examples of vaccines include Meningococcal disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis, Pneumococcal disease.	Polysaccharide vaccines
CREATE A RESPONSE against the molecules in the PATHOGEN'S CAPSULE. In comparison to plain polysaccharide vaccines, they benefit from a technology that binds the polysaccharide to a carrier protein that can INDUCE A LONG-TERM PROTECTIVE RESPONSE EVEN IN INFANTS.	Conjugate subunit vaccines
RNA VACCINES MAKE PROTEINS in order to TRIGGER AN IMMUNE RESPONSE. Benefits: SHORTER MANUFACTURING TIMES and, NO RISK OF CAUSING DISEASE in the person getting vaccinated.	MESSENGER RNA Vaccines
A VACCINE MADE FROM A TOXIN (poison) that has been MADE HARMLESS but that ELICITS AN IMMUNE RESPONSE AGAINST THE TOXIN. To increase the immune response, it is ADSORBED TO ALUMINUM OR CALCIUM SALTS, WHICH SERVE AS ADJUVANTS.	Toxoid vaccines
USES A MODIFIED VERSION OF A DIFFERENT VIRUS as a vector to deliver protection.	Viral Vector Vaccines