Anatomy of the Nervous System Ch3
Biopsychology
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Nervous system including the skull and spine | Central Nervous System (CNS) |
Nervous system outside of skull and spine | Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) |
Part of PNS that interacts w external enviro | Somatic Nervous System (SNS) |
Carry sensory signals from senses TO CNS - A-way to internal | Afferent nerves |
Part of PNS that regulates body internal enviro | Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) |
Nerves that prep body for fight or flight | Sympathetic nerves |
Nerves that relax body & inhibit or slow high energy functions | Parasympathetic nerves |
Tough membrane, outer of meninges | Dura mater |
Immediately inside of Dura Mater (spider-web like) | Arachnoid membrane |
Space beneath arachnoid membrane (contains large blood vessels & cerebrospinal fluid) | Subarachnoid space |
CSF fluid protecting CNS | Cerebrospinal fluid |
Produces cerebrospinal fluid; network of capillaries | Choroid plexuses |
Stops big particles enter brain by special light packed cell structure in cerebral blood vessels | Blood-brain barrier |
Four large internal brain chambers & cerebral blood | Cerebral ventricles |
Neuron w more than 2 processes extending from the cell body | Multipolar Neuron |
A neuron with one process extending from its cell body | Unipolar neuron |
A neuron with two processes extending from its cell body | Bipolar neuron |
Cell bodies in the CNS | Nuclei |
Cell bodies in the PNS | Ganglia |
Means toward the tail end; caudal | Posterior |
Brain cut in half along the horizontal plane | Horizontal sections |
Brain cut in half along the frontal plane (up and down) | Frontal sections |
A section cut at a right angle to any long, narrow structure, such as the spinal cord or a nerve | Cross section |
The two dorsal arms of the spinal gray matter | Dorsal horns |
The two ventral arms of the spinal gray matter | Ventral horns |
A cluster of neurons (a ganglion) in a dorsal root of a spinal nerve. The cell bodies of sensory neurons are located here | Dorsal root ganglia |
Medulla; brains stem | Myelencephalon (meddula) |
Large, convoluted structure on the brain stem’s dorsal surface; an important sensorimotor structure | Cerebellum |
The dorsal surface of the midbrain; is composed of two pairs of bumps, the colliculi (little hills). | Tectum |
Two pairs of bumps- the posterior pair which have an auditory function | Inferior colliculi |
The anterior pair of colliculi which have a visual-motor function, specifically to direct the body’s orientation toward or away from particular visual stimuli | Superior colliculi |
Is the gray matter situated around the cerebral aqueduct. has role in mediating the analgesic (pain-reducing) effects of opioid drugs. | Periaqueductal gray |
Is a melanin-containing (pigmented) nucleus in the ventral midbrain, and it consists of dopaminergic neurons | Substantia negra |
The structure which runs through the ventricle that connects the two lobes of the thalamus | Mass intermedia |
Nuclei that receive signals from sensory receptors, process them, and then transmit them to the appropriate areas of sensory cortex | Sensory relay nuclei |
Important relay stations in the visual systems | Lateral geniculate nuclei |
Important relay stations in the auditory systems | Medial geniculate nuclei |
Important relay stations in the somatosensory systems | Ventral posterior nuclei |
Projecting from one side of the body to the other | Contralateral |
Staying on the same side of the body | Ipsilateral |
Considered to be part of the hypothalamus, are a pair of spherical nuclei located on the inferior surface of the hypothalamus, just behind the pituitary. | Mammillary bodies |
The ridges between fissures and sulci | Gyri/ gyrus |
The largest of the fissures that almost completely separates the cerebral hemispheres | Longitudinal fissure |
The tracts that directly connect the cerebral hemispheres | Cerebral commisures |
The largest cerebral commissure | Corpus callosum |