APUSH period 4 - Details

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Ended the War of 1812 and restored the status quo. For the most part, territory captured in the war was returned to the original owner. It also set up a commission to determine the disputed Canada/U.S. border.

Treaty of Ghent (1814)

Battle where a Naval force led by Oliver Hazard Perry defeated the British

Battle of Lake Erie

Battle where a Naval force led by Oliver Hazard Perry defeated the British

Battle of Lake Erie

Battle where a Naval force led by Oliver Hazard Perry defeated the British

Battle of Lake Erie

Battle where a Naval force led by Oliver Hazard Perry defeated the British

Battle of Lake Erie

Battle where a Naval force led by Oliver Hazard Perry defeated the British

Battle of Lake Erie

Battle where a Naval force led by Oliver Hazard Perry defeated the British

Battle of Lake Erie

No one won a majority of electoral votes, so the House of Representatives had to decide among Adams, Jackson, and Clay. Clay dropped out and urged his supporters in the House to throw their votes behind Adams. Jackson and his followers were furious and accused Adams and Clay of a "corrupt bargain."

The Election of 1824

Issued by President Jackson July 11, 1836, was meant to stop land speculation caused by states printing paper money without proper specie (gold or silver) backing it. It required that the purchase of public lands be paid for in specie. It stopped the land speculation and the sale of public lands went down sharply. The panic of 1837 followed.

Specie Circular

Issued by President Jackson; was meant to stop land speculation caused by states printing paper money without proper specie (gold or silver) backing it. It required that the purchase of public lands be paid for in specie. It stopped the land speculation and the sale of public lands went down sharply. The panic of 1837 followed.

Specie Circular (1836)

Marked Jeffersonian era; peacefully shifted power from the Federalist, emphasizing agrarian ideals and limited government

Election of 1800 (Revolution of 1800)

Bought a huge land from France. Made by Jefferson, this doubled the size of the US.

Louisiana Purchase (1803)

Commissioned by Jefferson to map and explore the Louisiana Purchase region. Established US claims to the Oregon Territory, better relations w/ American Indians, & paved the way for westward expansion.

Lewis and Clark Expedition 1804-1806

In 1812, they were "Old" Democratic-Republicans who criticized the War of 1812 because it violated the classic Democratic-Republican commitment to limited federal power and the maintenance of peace. (p. 140)

Quids

Era of Good Feelings (1816-1819)

This protective tariff helped American industry by raising the prices of British manufactured goods, which were often cheaper and of higher quality than those produced in the U.S.

Tariff of 1816

1. Protective Tariffs 2. National Bank 3. Internal Improvements

Henry Clay's American System

Economic disaster caused by extensive speculation and a decline of European demand for American goods along with mismanagement within the Second Bank of the United States. Often cited as the end of the Era of Good Feelings.

The panic of 1819

Compromise over the issue of slavery in Missouri. It was decided Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state and all states North of the 36th parallel were free states and all South were slave states.

Missouri Compromise (1820)

Ended all of America's importation and exportation. Jefferson hoped the act would pressure the French and British to recognize U.S. neutrality rights in exchange for U.S. goods. Really, however, just hurt Americans and our economy and got repealed in 1809.

Embargo Act 1807

Allowed Americans to carry on trade with all nations except Britain and France

Nonintercourse Act (1809)

Forbade trade with Britain and France, but offered to resume trade with whichever nation lifted its neutral trading restrictions first. France quickly changed its policies against neutral vessels, so the U.S. resumed trade with France, but not Britain.

Macon's Bill No. 2 (1810)

A war (1812-1814) between the United States and England which was trying to interfere with American trade with France.

The War of 1812

Southerners and Westerners who were eager for war with Britain. They had a strong sense of nationalism, and they wanted to takeover British land in North America and expand.

War Hawks

Battle where a Naval force led by Oliver Hazard Perry defeated the British

Battle of Lake Erie (1813)

William Henry Harrison pushed up the river Thames into Upper Canada and on October 4, 1813, won a victory notable for the death of Tecumseh, who was serving as a brigadier general in the British army. This battle resulted in no lasting occupation of Canada, but weakened and disheartened the Indians of the Northwest.

Battle of the Thames (1813)

A battle where the British fleet was defeated and was forced to retreat and to abandon their plans to invade New York and New England after being stopped by Thomas Macdonough. The British began to decide that the war was to costly.

Battle of Lake Champlain (1814)

The national anthem of the United States written by Francis Scott Key, inspired by the battle of Fort McHenry

"The Star-Spangled Banner"

Fought during the War of 1812 in central Alabama. On March 27, 1814, United States forces and Indian allies under General Andrew Jackson defeated the Red Sticks, a part of the Creek Indian tribe inspired by the Shawnee leader Tecumseh, effectively ending the Creek War.

Battle of Horseshoe Bend

December 2 - Ended the War of 1812 and restored the status quo. For the most part, territory captured in the war was returned to the original owner. It also set up a commission to determine the disputed Canada/U.S. border.

Treaty of Ghent (1814)

A meeting by Federalists dissatisfied with the war to draft a new Constitution; resulted in seemingly traitorous Federalist party's collapse

Hartford Convention (1814)

Treaty between Britain and America, it allowed the Americans to share the Newfoundland fisheries with Canada, and gave both countries a joint occupation of the Oregon Territory for the next 10 years.

Treaty of 1818

Under the agreement, Spain ceded Florida to the United States, which, in exchange, abandoned its claims to Texas.

Florida Purchase Treaty/ Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)

An American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

Pennsylvania turnpike which connected Philadelphia with the rich farmlands around Lancaster. Its success stimulated the construction of other privately built and relatively short toll roads that, by the mid-1820s, connected most of the country's major cities

Lancaster Turnpike (1790s)

The first highway built by the federal government. It stretched from Pennsylvania to Illinois. It was a major overland shipping route and an important connection between the North and the West. Funded by Congress

Cumberland Road/ National Road (1850)

Linked the economies of western farms and eastern cities.

Erie Canal (1825)

Steamboat built by Robert Fulton; first steamboat to be commercially successful in American waters

Clermont (1807)

The major 19th century communication development.

Telegraph

A machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers, invented by Eli Whitney

Cotton Gin (1793)

"Father of the Factory System" in America; escaped Britain with the memorized plans for the textile machinery; put into operation the first spinning cotton thread.

Samuel Slater (1791)

Dormitories for young women where they were cared for, fed, and sheltered in return for cheap labor, mill towns, homes for workers to live in around the mills

Lowell System

Factories for clothes and fabrics

Textile Mills

"Peaceful unions" had the right to negotiated labor contracts with employers

Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842)

In the late 1840s, labor movements began to focus their efforts on legislative reform; the __________ reemerged as a central point of labor organizing.

10hr workday

A 19th century ideal that celebrated men who rose to wealth or social prominence from humble origins through self-discipline, hard work, and temperate habits.

Self-made man

Giving people an equal chance to succeed

Equality of opportunity

A closed door meeting of a political party's leaders in Congress which nominated candidates. Common citizens had no opportunity to participate.

King Caucus

First to use National Conventions to nominate a president; 3rd party. Attacked the secret societies of Masons and attacked them from belonging to an anti democratic elite.

Anti-Masonic Party

Another 3rd party (one of the first ones): tried to unite artisans & skilled laborers into a political organization.

Workingmen's Party

The system of employing and promoting civil servants who are friends and supporters of the group in power

Spoils System

The idealized description political supporters of Jackson used to promote his candidacy for president.

Common Man

The Election of 1824

Jackson's edict stating nullification and disunion were treason

Proclamation to the People of South Carolina

*Debate in the Senate between Daniel (MA) and Robert (SC) that focused on sectionalism and nullification *Came after the "Tariff of Abominations" incident

Wesbter-Hayne Debate (1830)

The forced removal of Cherokees and their transportation to Oklahoma

Trail of Tears

A congressional act that authorized the removal of Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River

Indian Removal Act (1830)

Nickname for Andrew Jackson gained from the Battle of New Orleans.

"Old Hickory"

Also called Tariff of 1828, it raised the tariff on imported manufactured goods. The tariff protected the North but harmed the South; South said that the tariff was economically discriminatory and unconstitutional because it violated state's rights.

Tariff of Abominations

A prison system in New York which enforced rigid rules of discipline, while also providing moral instruction and work programs.

Auburn system

New prisons built in Pennsylvania that experimented with the technique of placing prisoners in solitary confinement; these experiments were dropped because of the high suicide rate.

Penitentiaries

Instrumental in the national success of the 18th Amendment (1919), prohibiting the sale of intoxicating liquors.

Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

A temperance movement which argued that alcoholism was a disease that need practical helpful treatment.

Washingtonians

An organization group that tries to persuade drinkers to take a pledge of total abstinence.

American Temperance Society (1826)

This was a religious community established by the Mormons on the banks of the Great Salt Lake in Utah.

New Zion

In the early 1800s, this popular belief, that the world was about to end with the second coming of Jesus Christ.

Millennialism

A tool of the Second Great Awakening where people would gather to hear hellfire speeches

Camp Meetings

An evangelist who was one of the greatest preachers of all time (spoke in New York City). He also made the "anxious bench" for sinners to pray and was was against slavery and alcohol. One of the most important leaders of the 2nd Great Awakening.

Charles Grandison Finney

President of Yale College, he helped initiate the Second Great Awakening. His campus revivals inspired many young men to become evangelical preachers.

Timothy Dwight

A series of religious revivals, based on Methodism and Baptism. Stressed a religious philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for all Protestant sects. The revivals attracted women, Blacks, and Native Americans. Reasserted of the traditional Calvinist (Puritan) teachings of sin and predestination.

Second Great Awakening (1801)

A place set up by Charles Fourier to end competition in society, live in shared conditions, everything communal design so no advantages; not successful

Fourier Phalanxes

A group of socio-religious perfectionists who lived in New York. Practiced polygamy "free-love", communal property, and communal raising of children.

Oneida Community

A utopian settlement in Indiana. It had 1,000 settlers, but a lack of authority caused it to break up.

New Harmony (1825-1827)

Iowan Germans who belonged to religious movement known as Pietism; emphasized simple, communal living. Allowed marriage, communities still prosper.

The Amana Colonies

A celibate and communistic Christian sect in the United States

Shakers

The time period before the Civil War during which there were many reforms, including the establishment of free (tax-supported) public schools, improving the treatment of the mentally ill, controlling/abolishing the sale of alcohol, winning equal legal/political rights for women, and abolishing slavery.

Antebellum Period

They questioned the doctrines of established churches and business practices of the merchant class. Mystical and intuitive way of thinking to discover inner self and look for essence of God in nature.

Transcendentalists

A movement in the arts and literature that originated in the late 18th century, emphasizing intuition, feelings, individual acts heroism and the study of nature.

Romanticism

Harrison's victory over Tecumseh (Shawnee) in Indiana in 1811 became the slogan of his presidential bid in 1840.

"Tippecanoe"

It was a Whig party presidential campaign of William Henry Harrison. It portrayed Harrison as a simple man sprung from the people when in reality he was rich. It won Harrison the election. Campaigning among the masses.

Log Cabin and Hard Cider Campaign (1840)

Second Party System _____ (Webster, Calhoun, Clay) - fed. gov. aid economic development (American System), cautious of territorial expansion ____ (Jackson, Van Buren) - limit fed. gov. power and protect states rights, suspicious of gov. attempts to stimulate commercial/industrial growth, support territorial expansion

Whigs and Democrats

Specie Circular

Jackson's edict stating nullification and disunion were treason

Proclamation to the People of South Carolina

Whigs and Democrats

The forced removal of Cherokees and their transportation to Oklahoma

Trail of tears

1830 *Debate in the Senate between Daniel (MA) and Robert (SC) that focused on sectionalism and nullification *Came after the "Tariff of Abominations" incident

Webster-Hayne Debate

President of the Second Bank of the United States; he struggled to keep the bank functioning when President Jackson tried to destroy it; known for bribes and corruption

Nicholas Biddle

Nickname for Andrew Jackson gained from the Battle of New Orleans.

"Old Hickory"

(1830) a congressional act that authorized the removal of Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River

Indian Removal Act

Economic system where government should not interfere in the marketplace

Laissez-faire economics

"Jackson and Reform"- Jackson would "clean sweep" the corruption of Adams to answer the question "shall the people rule". Jackson won E.C. 178-83, and pop greatly, increased voter turnouts=people's gov (New Democ)

Election of 1828

Gave the president power to use military force to collect tariffs if the need arose

Force Bill

A method in election campaigns that uses gossip and lies to make an opponent look bad

Mudslinging

Rebellion in which a group of slaves through virginia in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow and kill planter families. Led to the death of 55 whites. End of anti-slavery talk in South.

Nat Turner's Rebellion

Rebellion in which a group of slaves through virginia in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow and kill planter families. Led to the death of 55 whites. End of anti-slavery talk in South.

Nat Turner's Rebellion

A Democratic-Republican (a.k.a. former Anti-Federalist) cut back on federal expenditures, bureaucracy, and military actions. He had Agrarian Ideals. Cut taxes, reduced army, reduced debt; Judicial troubles; Louisiana Purchase and Lewis and Clark; Embargo Act

Thomas Jefferson (1800)

Defeated Federalist Rufus King; Adams-Onis Treaty, Tariff of 1824, and End of "First Party System". Era of Good Feelings, Nationalism, Panic of 1819, Adams-Onis Treaty, expansion of westward territory, Monroe Doctrine, Missouri Compromise

James Monroe (1817-1825)

Region north and west of the Ohio River, included Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, MIchigan, Wisconsin, and part of Minnesota.

Old Northwest

"Father of the Factory System" in America; escaped Britain with the memorized plans for the textile machinery; put into operation the first spinning cotton thread in 1791.

Samuel Slater

A policy of spreading more political power to more people. It was a "Common Man" theme.

Andrew Jackson (1829-1837)

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