bio final
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29 questions
| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Nervous system | Uses chemical signals, stimulated glands, electrical signals and uses blood as a transport medium. Responds fast and have a short duration |
| Endocrine system | Uses chemical signals, stimulate glands and conduction occurs very fast, it is largely composed of glands which secrete hormones carried by the bloodstream to target cells throughout the body |
| Exocrine glands | Secrete their products into ducts, which take them into the lumens of other organs or outside the body |
| Endocrine glands | Secrete their products into the bloodstream, which delivers them throughout the body. |
| Hormones | Are a chemical messenger produced in one part of the body and controls the activity of other parts. |
| Hypothalamus | Secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones to regulate the activity of the pituitary gland. |
| Aldosterone | Involved in the reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium. |
| Antidiuretic hormones | Provides osmoregulation at the level of the kidneys. |
| Erythropoietin | Produced by the kidneys and stimulates the production of red blood cells |
| Pheromones | Chemical signals that influence the behavior of other individuals |
| Leptin | Regulates appetite |
| Prostaglandin | Causes uterus muscle contraction and prevent thrombosis. |
| Peptide hormone | Never enters the cell, it acts as a first messenger, and cAMP can act as its second messenger. |
| Steroid hormone | Binds to a receptor inside the nucleus, it diffuses through the plasma membrane, and it forms a complex with the receptor that can activate gene expression. |
| Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin | Hormones secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. |
| Addison disease | Bronzing of the skin due to accumulation of melanin. |
| Prolactin and growth hormone | Hormones which are required for the nourishment and growth of the infant. |
| Tetany | A disease characterized by a dramatic drop in the blood calcium level; the body shakes due to a continuous muscle contraction |
| Osteoporosis | A disease characterized by bone loss due to low calcium deposits in bone tissues. |
| Hyperthyroidism or Graves’ disease | Nervousness, eye protrusion, appearance of goiter, usually the sweating of the body, and heat sensitivity. |
| Hypothyroidism or myxedema | A disease characterized by hair loss, weight gain, low body temperature and thickness in the skin. |
| How the pituitary gland effects the other glands | Receiving a signal from the hypothalamus, releasing a stimulating hormone, reaching the target gland, and then stimulating the target gland to secrete hormones. |
| Long-term stress response of adrenal glands | Reduction of inflammation, and sodium ions are reabsorbed by the kidneys. |
| Short term stress response of adrenal glands | Heartbeat and blood pressure increase, and muscles become energized. |
| If growth hormone production is low during childhood | Pituitary dwarfism will occur |
| If growth hormone production is high during childhood | A person can be a giant |
| If growth hormone production is high in adults | Acromegaly results |
| Ecdysone hormones | Responsible for the initiation of molting in insects |
| Tropic hormone represents | Hormones able to stimulate other glands |
| What ions does the kidney excrete into the urine and what is this a result of | Sodium ions, it is a result of the increase in blood sodium concentration |