Biologie Kapital 10
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Biologie Kapital 10 - Details
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| All genes are located on chromosomes | Chromosome theory of inheritance |
| Locus | Physical location of a genes |
| Heterozygous genotype for the gene at that locus | A diploid cell that has two different alleles at a given genetic locus is a |
| Homozygous | A diploid cell that has two identical alleles at a given genetic locus is |
| Sex chromosomes vs autosomes | Chromosomes that determine sex vs reg chromosomes |
| XX XY | Female chromosomes, vs male |
| A y (male) gene known as: SRY gene | Gene that causes other genes located on autosomes to produce male sexual characteristics |
| Crossing over | Reciprocal exchange of segments of nonsister chromatids in prophase I of meiosis |
| Independent assortment of chromosomes | Creates new combinations of alleles through the random distribution |
| Genetically linked | Genes that are inherited together |
| Genetic loci | Neighbors or positioned close to each other on the same chromosome |
| Pedigree | Chart that shows genetic relationships among family members |
| Mendelian traits | Inherited in a pattern that can predicted on the basis of Mendel’s laws of inheritance. |
| Genetic carriers | Individuals that are heterozygous for a recessive disorde |
| Sex-linked | Genes found only on the X or Y chromosome are said to be |
| ~ 1,100 | There are ___ X-linked genes in humans; the Y chromosome has very few genes. |
| Males | ____can't be heterozygous for and X-linked genes because Y chromosome does not have a copy of recessive disorders |
| Males | _____are more likely to get recessive X-linked disorders. |
| Chromosomal abnormality | Change in the number or structure of chromosomes is considered a |
| Deletion | When a piece of a chromosome breaks off and is lost. |
| Inversion | When a fragment of a chromosome breaks off and returns to the correct place, reverses genetic loci |
| Translocation | When a broken piece from one chromosome becomes attached to a different, nonhomologous chromosome. |
| Duplication | Type of chromosomal abnormality in which a chromosome becomes longer because it ends up with two copies |
| Trisomy (down syndrome, Dr John Langdon Down) | When a person inherits three copies of chromosomes 21 |
| Turner syndrome(female phenotype, sterility, short stature), Klinefelter syndrome (mainly male phenotype, tall stature, reduced fertility) | Changes in sex chromosomes: XO, XXY |