Chemistry exam
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100 questions
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Properties of solids | Fixed pattern, only vibrate, close together, strong attractive forces |
Empirical formula of a compound definition | The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound |
Acid | Proton donors |
Properties of liquids | No fixed pattern, slide past each other, close together, weak forces |
Ionic bond | Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions |
Aqueous solutions of alkalis | OH- ions |
Properties of gasses | Random movement, move everywhere rapidly, far apart, |
Ionic bond | Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions |
Aqueous solutions of alkalis | OH- ions |
What happens as a solid gets heated | Particles gain energy and vibrate more, the forces of attraction between particles are weakened as the solid melts, |
NA | NA |
Ionic bond | Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions |
Aqueous solutions of alkalis | OH- ions |
Ionic bond | Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions |
Heating and cooling curve | Heating and cooling curve |
Aqueous solutions of alkalis | OH- ions |
Diffusion in terms of kinetic particle theory | Random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
Ionic bond | Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions |
Effect of relative molecular mass on the rate of diffusion of gasses | Molecules that have a lower mass move faster, if light and heavy molecules have the same amount of energy when they collide the lighter ones will bounce off the heavier ones quicker, so lighter molecules will diffuse faster than heavier molecules |
Ionic bond | Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions |
Atom | The smallest particle of a chemical element that can exist, singular |
Ionic bond | Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions |
Molecule | A group of atoms bonded together |
Ionic bond | Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions |
Element | A chemical element is a chemical substance that cannot be broken down into other substances, made up of one type of atom |
Salt + ammonia | Ammonia salt |
Compound | Substance made up of two or more different types of atoms chemically bonded |
Salt + ammonia | Ammonia salt |
Mixture | Two or more elements or compounds that are not chemically bonded |
Salt + ammonia | Ammonia salt |
Structure of the atom | Central nucleus containing neutrons and protons surrounded by electrons in shells |
Salt + ammonia | Ammonia salt |
Salt + ammonia | Ammonia salt |
Relative mass and charge of neutrons | 1, no charge |
Ionic bond | Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions |
Relative mass and charge of electrons | 0.00054, -1 |
Empirical formula of a compound definition | The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound |
How to find number of protons/electrons | Atomic number |
Empirical formula of a compound definition | The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound |
How to find number of neutrons | Atomic mass - number of protons |
Empirical formula of a compound definition | The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound |
Number of outer shell electrons | Group number (downwards) |
Empirical formula of a compound definition | The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound |
Number of occupied electron shells | Period number (across) |
Empirical formula of a compound definition | The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound |
Isotopes | Different atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons |
Empirical formula of a compound definition | The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound |
Effect of isotopes on properties of the element | Have the same chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons and therefore the same electronic configuration, but differ in mass and therefore in physical properties |
Empirical formula of a compound definition | The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound |
Ionic bond | Attraction between positive ions and negative ions |
Empirical formula of a compound definition | The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound |
Properties of ionic compounds | High melting and boiling points, good electrical conductivity when aqueous or molten but poor when solid, soluble |
Empirical formula of a compound definition | The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound |
Giant ionic structures form between | Metal and non-metal |
Empirical formula of a compound definition | The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound |
Giant ionic structures examples | Sodium chloride |
Empirical formula of a compound definition | The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound |
Simple molecule structure forms between | Non-metals |
Empirical formula of a compound definition | The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound |
Properties of simple molecular compounds | Low melting and boiling points because of weak intermolecular forces, poor electrical conductivity |
Empirical formula of a compound definition | The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound |
Ionic bond | Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions |
Ionic bond | Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions |
How is a covalent bond formed | When a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms, leading to noble gas electronic configurations |
Ionic bond | Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions |
Covalent bond properties | Low melting points and boiling points, do not conduct electricity, insoluable |
Ionic bond | Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions |
Giant covalent structures form between | Non-metals |
Effect of isotopes on properties of the element | Have the same chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons and therefore the same electronic configuration, but differ in mass and therefore in physical properties |
Structure of graphite | Structure of graphite |
Effect of isotopes on properties of the element | Have the same chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons and therefore the same electronic configuration, but differ in mass and therefore in physical properties |
Use of graphite | Lubricant as an electrode |
Effect of isotopes on properties of the element | Have the same chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons and therefore the same electronic configuration, but differ in mass and therefore in physical properties |
Structure of diamond | Structure of diamond |
Effect of isotopes on properties of the element | Have the same chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons and therefore the same electronic configuration, but differ in mass and therefore in physical properties |
Use of diamond | Cutting tools |
Metallic bonding | Electrostatic attraction between the positive ions in a giant metallic lattice and a sea of delocalised electrons |
Metallic bonding properties | Good electrical conductivity, malleable, ductile |
Molecular formula of a compound | The number and type of different atoms in one molecule |
Relative atomic mass | The average mass of the isotopes of an element compared to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of 12C |
Relative molecular mass | As the sum of the relative atomic masses relative formula mass, Mr, will be used for ionic compounds |
Empirical formula of a compound definition | The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound |
Acid | Proton donors |
Strong acid | An acid that is completely dissociated in aqueous solution |
Weak acid | An acid that is partially dissociated in aqueous solution |
Acid + metal | Salt + hydrogen |
Acid + metal oxide | Salt + water |
Acid + metal hydroxide | Salt + water |
Acid + metal carbonate | Salt + water + carbon dioxide |
Acid + ammonia | Ammonia salt |
Acid's effect on methyl orange | Turns red immediately |
Acid + base | Salt + water |
Bases | Oxides or hydroxides of metals, proton acceptors |
Alkalis | Soluable bases |
Bases + ammonium salts | Metal salt + ammonia + water |
Alkalis effect on methyl orange | Turns yellow |