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Chemistry exam


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[Front]


properties of solids
[Back]


fixed pattern, only vibrate, close together, strong attractive forces

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Properties of solids
Fixed pattern, only vibrate, close together, strong attractive forces
Empirical formula of a compound definition
The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound
Acid
Proton donors
Properties of liquids
No fixed pattern, slide past each other, close together, weak forces
Ionic bond
Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
Properties of gasses
Random movement, move everywhere rapidly, far apart,
Ionic bond
Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
What happens as a solid gets heated
Particles gain energy and vibrate more, the forces of attraction between particles are weakened as the solid melts,
NA
NA
Ionic bond
Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
Ionic bond
Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
Heating and cooling curve
Heating and cooling curve
Diffusion in terms of kinetic particle theory
Random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Ionic bond
Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
Effect of relative molecular mass on the rate of diffusion of gasses
Molecules that have a lower mass move faster, if light and heavy molecules have the same amount of energy when they collide the lighter ones will bounce off the heavier ones quicker, so lighter molecules will diffuse faster than heavier molecules
Ionic bond
Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
Atom
The smallest particle of a chemical element that can exist, singular
Ionic bond
Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
Molecule
A group of atoms bonded together
Ionic bond
Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
Element
A chemical element is a chemical substance that cannot be broken down into other substances, made up of one type of atom
Salt + ammonia
Ammonia salt
Compound
Substance made up of two or more different types of atoms chemically bonded
Salt + ammonia
Ammonia salt
Mixture
Two or more elements or compounds that are not chemically bonded
Salt + ammonia
Ammonia salt
Structure of the atom
Central nucleus containing neutrons and protons surrounded by electrons in shells
Salt + ammonia
Ammonia salt
Salt + ammonia
Ammonia salt
Ionic bond
Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
Empirical formula of a compound definition
The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound
Empirical formula of a compound definition
The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound
How to find number of neutrons
Atomic mass - number of protons
Empirical formula of a compound definition
The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound
Number of outer shell electrons
Group number (downwards)
Empirical formula of a compound definition
The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound
Empirical formula of a compound definition
The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound
Isotopes
Different atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
Empirical formula of a compound definition
The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound
Effect of isotopes on properties of the element
Have the same chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons and therefore the same electronic configuration, but differ in mass and therefore in physical properties
Empirical formula of a compound definition
The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound
Ionic bond
Attraction between positive ions and negative ions
Empirical formula of a compound definition
The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound
Properties of ionic compounds
High melting and boiling points, good electrical conductivity when aqueous or molten but poor when solid, soluble
Empirical formula of a compound definition
The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound
Empirical formula of a compound definition
The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound
Empirical formula of a compound definition
The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound
Empirical formula of a compound definition
The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound
Properties of simple molecular compounds
Low melting and boiling points because of weak intermolecular forces, poor electrical conductivity
Empirical formula of a compound definition
The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound
Ionic bond
Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
Ionic bond
Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
How is a covalent bond formed
When a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms, leading to noble gas electronic configurations
Ionic bond
Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
Covalent bond properties
Low melting points and boiling points, do not conduct electricity, insoluable
Ionic bond
Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
Effect of isotopes on properties of the element
Have the same chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons and therefore the same electronic configuration, but differ in mass and therefore in physical properties
Structure of graphite
Structure of graphite
Effect of isotopes on properties of the element
Have the same chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons and therefore the same electronic configuration, but differ in mass and therefore in physical properties
Use of graphite
Lubricant as an electrode
Effect of isotopes on properties of the element
Have the same chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons and therefore the same electronic configuration, but differ in mass and therefore in physical properties
Structure of diamond
Structure of diamond
Effect of isotopes on properties of the element
Have the same chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons and therefore the same electronic configuration, but differ in mass and therefore in physical properties
Use of diamond
Cutting tools
Metallic bonding
Electrostatic attraction between the positive ions in a giant metallic lattice and a sea of delocalised electrons
Metallic bonding properties
Good electrical conductivity, malleable, ductile
Molecular formula of a compound
The number and type of different atoms in one molecule
Relative atomic mass
The average mass of the isotopes of an element compared to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of 12C
Relative molecular mass
As the sum of the relative atomic masses relative formula mass, Mr, will be used for ionic compounds
Empirical formula of a compound definition
The simplest whole number ratio of the different atoms or ions in a compound
Acid
Proton donors
Strong acid
An acid that is completely dissociated in aqueous solution
Weak acid
An acid that is partially dissociated in aqueous solution
Acid + metal
Salt + hydrogen
Acid + metal oxide
Salt + water
Acid + metal carbonate
Salt + water + carbon dioxide
Acid + ammonia
Ammonia salt
Acid's effect on methyl orange
Turns red immediately
Acid + base
Salt + water
Bases
Oxides or hydroxides of metals, proton acceptors
Alkalis
Soluable bases
Bases + ammonium salts
Metal salt + ammonia + water