Gastrointestinal and Accessory Organ
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Gastrointestinal and Accessory Organ - Details
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21 questions
| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| What are the 3 segments of the small intestine? | Duodenum, jejunum and the ileum |
| Where does the majority of digestion take place? | The small intestine(Approximately 90%) |
| What are the primary functions of the large intestine? | 1)Completion of absorption of water 2)Manufacturing of certain vitamins(K and B7) 3)Formation of feces 4)Expulsion of feces |
| What are the two appetite centers that affect eating and where are they located? | One stimulates the individual to eat a nd the other signals the individual to stop eating. They are both located in the hypothalamus |
| What are some nursing interventions for a patient has undergone barium swallow? | Patient NPO after midnight, educate on the importance of expelling the barium rectally and the importance of increasing fluid intake to avoid constipation or blockage. |
| What is the cause of tooth decay? | Tooth decay is a result of action by bacteria on carbohydrates in the mouth which produce acids and dissolve tooth enamel |
| What factors may cause tooth decay? | Dental plaque, strength of acids and the inability of saliva to neutralize them, the length of time the acids are in contact with the teeth and susceptibility of the teeth to decay |
| What is radical neck dissection and why is it performed? | Radical neck dissection is a procedure done in which the lymph nodes, jugular vein, sternocleidomastoid muscle and spinal accessory nerve are removed and reconstructive surgery is necessary. It is performed in cases of large oral carcinomas |
| How does pain from GERD mimic that of angina? | It radiates upward and may involve the jaw, neck or back |
| What are some pharmacologic treatments for GERD? | H2 receptors(such as cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine or nizatidine), Proton Pump Inhibitors(Such as omeprazole, esomeprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole, and lansoprazole) and promotility agents(Metoclopramide) |
| What do promotility agents do? | Increase peristalsis and therefore promote gastric emptying and reduce risk of gastric acid reflux |
| What are some patient education points regarding GERD?(9) | Educate the patient to eat four to six small meals daily, follow a low-fat and adequate protein diet, reduce intake of chocolate, tea and foods that contain caffeine, limit or eliminate alcohol consumption, eat slowly and chew thoroughly, avoid eating 2-3 hours before bedtime, remain upright 1-2 hours after eating and never eat in bed, avoid foods that directly produce heartburn and reduce overall body weight if needed |
| What is hematoemesis? | Vomiting blood |
| What is melena? | Tar-like, fetid-smelling stool containing undigested food |
| What are some H2 receptor antagonists and their nursing implication? | 1)Cimetidine(Tagamet)- Increases serum levels and clinical effects of oral anticoagulants, theophylin, phenytoin, some benzodiazepines and propanolol(These drugs may require dosage reduction) 2)Famotidine(Pepcid)-Does not affect serum levels of hepatically metabolized drugs 3)Nizatidine(Axid)- Does not affect serum levels of hepatically metabolized drugs 4)Ranitidine(Zantac)- Minimal effect on serum levels of hepatically metabolized drugs |
| What are some Proton Pump Inhibitors and their nursing implications? | 1)Lansoprazole(Prevacid)- Sucralfate(Carafate) decreases absorption of lansoprazole(take 30 mins before sucralfate), administer before meals, Assess patient routinely for epigastric or abdominal pain, May cause abnormal liver function test results 2)Omeprazole(Prilosec)- Inhibits hepatic metabolism of warfarin, phenytoin, benzodiazepines and other drugs metabolized by liver, do not crush or chew capsule contents |
| What is dumping syndrome? | Dumping syndrome is a rapid gastric emptying of undigested food from the stomach to the small intestine causing distention of the duodenum or jejunum. Increased intestinal motility and changes in blood glucose levels occur. It is a direct result of surgical removal of a large portion of the stomach. |
| How is dumping syndrome treated? | Anticholinergics to decrease stomach motility, Reclining for approximately 1 hour following meals and eating 4-6 small meals that are high in protein and fat and low in carbs. |