GNETCS1
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Hold all the genetic information for an organism | DNA molecules |
Provides cells with the information they need to perform tasks that allow an organism to grow, survive and reproduce. | DNA molecules |
SUBDISCIPLINES IN GENETICS: studies the genetic source of certain actions and behaviors in organisms | Behavioral genetics |
Made famous for his study of heredity in pea plants that shaped our understanding of genetics today. | Gregor Mendel |
SUBDISCIPLINES IN GENETICS: studies how an organism forms from a single or multicellular origin upon fertilization to a fully formed organism. | Developmental genetics |
SUBDISCIPLINES IN GENETICS: focus on the stem cell | Developmental genetics |
SUBDISCIPLINES IN GENETICS: shies away from laboratory settings and studies organisms in their natural habitats. | Ecological genetics |
SUBDISCIPLINES IN GENETICS: study of microorganisms | Microbial genetics |
SUBDISCIPLINES IN GENETICS: focuses on the genetic differences in organisms within the same group or population. | Population genetics |
When the two alleles are the same. | Homozygous |
This invention made the discovery and early studies of the cell possible | Compound light microscope |
Invented one of the first prototypes of the microscope. | Zacharias Jansen |
Reported from his observation of a plant cell from a thin slices of cork, he described box like structures, thus the term cell was introduced. | Robert Hooke (1665) |
Responsible for naming cells as they looked like the small rooms that monks lived in called "Cells" | Robert Hooke (1665) |
Dutch microscope maker who reported his discovery of blood cells, sperm cells, and animalcules – which were later found to be bacteria and protozoans | Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1673) |
First to view organism (living things); Used a simple handheld microscope to view pond water and scrapings from his teeth | Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1673) |
Discovered the nucleus | Robert Brown (1833) |
Discovered the living substance within the cell; this was so significant that it led to early development of the cell theory. | Felix Dujardin |
Proponents of the cell theory: concluded that every cell is formed from pre-existing cell. | Rudolf Virchow |
Basic types of cells: first to evolve and were Earth’s sole inhabitants for about the first 1.5 billion years of life on Earth. | Prokaryotic cells |
Basic types of cells: Simplest type; Single circular chromosome; Lack a nucleus or membrane bound nucleus | Prokaryotic cells |
Basic types of cells: Comprise Bacteria and archaea | Prokaryotic cells |
Certain prokaryotes have short projections ______ and long projections called _________. | FIMBRIAE & FLAGELLA |
"Basic types of cells:Fossil evidence indicates that they evolved about 2.1 billion years ago. | Eukaryotic cells |
Extensive network of flattened sacs and tubules. | Endoplasmic reticulum |
Endoplasmic means “__________” | Within the cytoplasm |
Reticulum; Latin for “________”. | Little net |
ER Regions: lacks attached ribosomes | Smooth ER |
ER Regions:make more membrane | Rough ER |
ER Regions:Phospholipids made by enzymes of the ______ ER are inserted into the ER membrane. | Rough ER |
Membranous organelle; stack of flattened sacs | Golgi apparatus |
Serves as a molecular warehouse and finishing factory for products manufactured by the ER | Golgi apparatus |
The name "lysosome" is derived from two Greek words meaning | “breakdown body.” |
Large vesicles that have a variety of functions such as acting as storage organelles in the cell | Vacuoles |
In plants, some _______ have a digestive function similar to that of lysosomes in animal cells | Vacuoles |
Mitochondrion compartments: the narrow region between the inner and outer membranes. | Intermembrane space |
Cytoskeleton: thinnest fiber; also called actin filaments, are solid rods composed mainly of globular proteins called actin | MICROFILAMENTS |
Cytoskeleton: These fibers helps support the cell’s shape and are also involved in cell movements | MICROFILAMENTS |
Cytoskeleton:made of various fibrous proteins. | INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS |
Cytoskeleton: serves to reinforce cell shape and certain organelles | INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS |
Cytoskeleton: thickest fiber are straight, hollow tubes composed of globular proteins called tubulins | MICROTUBULES |
Long numerous appendages, limited to one or a few per cell. Both are composed of microtubules. | FLAGELLA |
The cell wall has cell junctions, structures that connect one structure to another called ________ | Plasmodesmata |
In animal tissues cells often adhere, interact and communicate through specialized ________ between them. | CELL JUNCTIONS |
CELL JUNCTIONS: fastens cells together into strong sheets | ANCHORING JUNCTIONS |