GNPATH1
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Protein pore | Aquaporin |
| Proteins (most integral proteins) span the entire lipid bilayer | Transmembrane proteins |
| Proteins attach to the inner or outer surface but do not extend through the membrane | Peripheral proteins |
| Membrane proteins with a carbohydrate group attached that protrude into the extracellular fluid. | Glycoproteins |
| Functions of Membrane Proteins: Forms a pore through which a specific ion can flow to get across membrane. | Ion channel (integral) |
| Functions of Membrane Proteins: Transports a specific substance across membrane by undergoing a change in shape. | Carrier (integral) |
| Functions of Membrane Proteins: e.g. amino acids, needed to synthesize new proteins, enter body cells via carriers. | Carrier (integral) |
| Functions of Membrane Proteins: selectively moves a polar substance or ion from one side of the membrane to the other | Carrier (integral) |
| Functions of Membrane Proteins: known as transporters | Carrier (integral) |
| Functions of Membrane Proteins: Recognizes specific ligand and alters cell’s function in some way | Receptor (integral) |
| Functions of Membrane Proteins: for cellular recognition | Receptor (integral) |
| Functions of Membrane Proteins: Catalyzes chemical reactions | Enzyme (integral and peripheral) |
| Functions of Membrane Proteins: Anchors filaments inside and outside the plasma membrane, providing structural stability and shape for the cell. | Linker (integral and peripheral) |
| Functions of Membrane Proteins:May also participate in movement of the cell or link two cells together. | Linker (integral and peripheral) |
| Functions of Membrane Proteins: Distinguishes your cells from anyone else’s (unless you are an identical twin) | Cell identity marker (glycoprotein) |
| Serve as enzymes and linkers. | Peripheral proteins |
| Functions of Membrane Proteins: Major histocompatibility (MHC) proteins. | Cell identity marker (glycoprotein) |
| Transport processes: requires a specific channel or a carrier molecule, but no energy is used | Facilitated diffusion |
| Transport processes: involve the use of energy, primarily from the breakdown of ATP, to move a substance against its [gradient] | Active processes |
| Most common intracellular cation | Potassium |
| Vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane, releasing their contents into the extracellular fluid | Exocytosis |
| A combination of endocytosis and exocytosis | Transcytosis |
| Attack the large subunit (50s) of ribosome | Chloramphenicol |
| Attack the small subunit (30s) of ribosome | Erythromycin (tonsillitis) |
| Cover body surfaces and form glands and line hollow organs, body cavities, and ducts | Epithelial tissues |
| Protect, support, and bind organs | Connective tissues (C.T.) |
| Generate the physical force needed to make body structures move. They also generate heat used by the body | Muscular tissues |
| Tissues of the body develop from three primary germ layers | Endoderm, Mesoderm, and Ectoderm |
| Epithelial tissues come from what layers | Endoderm, Mesoderm, and Ectoderm |
| C.T. and muscle are derived from | Mesoderm |
| Nervous tissue develops from | Ectoderm |
| All epithelia have a | Free apical surface and an attached basal surface. |
| Secretes a basal lamina | Basal layer of the epithelium |
| Secretes a reticular lamina | Underlying C.T. |
| What forms the basement membrane | Basal lamina and reticular lamina |
| EPITHELIA: composed of a single layer of flat cells | Simple Squamous Epithelium |
| EPITHELIA: air sacs of lungs | Simple Squamous Epithelium |
| EPITHELIA: lining of blood vessels, the heart, and lymphatic vessels | Simple Squamous Epithelium |
| EPITHELIA: In all capillaries, including those of the kidney | Simple Squamous Epithelium |
| EPITHELIA: major part of a serous membrane | Simple Squamous Epithelium |
| EPITHELIA: composed of a single layer of cube shaped cells. | Simple Cuboidal Epithelium |
| EPITHELIA: often found lining the tubules of the kidneys and many other glands. | Simple Cuboidal Epithelium |
| FUNCTION: Simple Cuboidal Epithelium | Secretion, absorption, filtration |
| EPITHELIA: forms a single layer of column-like cells, ± cilia, ± microvilli, ± mucous (goblet cells). | Simple Columnar Epithelium |
| Simple columnar cells that have differentiated to acquire the ability to secrete mucous. | Goblet cells |
| FUNCTION: Simple Columnar Epithelium | Secretion, absorption, movement |
| EPITHELIA: has an apical surface that is made up of squamous (flat) cells | Stratified Squamous Epithelium |
| FUNCTION: Stratified Squamous Epithelium | Protection |
| EPITHELIA: skin | Stratified Squamous Epithelium |
| EPITHELIA: has an apical surface made up of two or more layers of cube-shaped cells | Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium |
| Locations of Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium | Sweat glands and part of the male urethra |
| EPITHELIA: very rare, and for our purposes, hardly worth mentioning. | Stratified Columnar Epithelium |
| EPITHELIA: change shape depending on the state of stretch in the tissue | Transitional Epithelium |
| EPITHELIA: Transitional Epithelium | Urinary bladder |
| Cancer of urinary bladder | Transitional carcinoma |
| Max volume of urine stored | 700-800mL |
| EPITHELIA: prominent feature of the outer layers of the skin. | Stratified squamous epithelium |
| EPITHELIA: characteristic of the upper respiratory tract. | Pseudostratified ciliated columnar |
| Most abundant and widely distributed tissues in the body | Connective Tissue |
| Most heterogeneous of the tissue groups | Connective Tissue |
| Bind tissues together | Connective Tissue |
| Support and strengthen tissue | Connective Tissue |
| Protect and insulate internal organs | Connective Tissue |
| Compartmentalize and transport | Connective Tissue |
| Energy reserves and immune responses | Connective Tissue |
| Usually highly vascular and supplied with many nerves. | Connective tissue |
| Exception to the description that connective tissues are highly vascular | Cartilage and tendon |
| When the ligaments and joints are injured healing takes time bc healing requires ________however there is little to no blood supply in these area | Glucose and oxygen |
| Although they are a varied group, all C.T. share a common “theme”: | Sparse cells, Surrounded by an extracellular matrix |
| Non-cellular material located between and around the cells. | Extracellular matrix |