Health Assessment
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Health Assessment - Details
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134 questions
| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Red patch on the sclera, looks like a spot of paint; caused by increased intraocular pressure via coughing, vomiting, trauma, etc; looks alarming but not serious | Subconjunctival hemorrhage |
| Cataracts; corneal opacity; retinal blastoma | 3 conditions that obstruct the Red Reflex |
| Small painless nodule at helix; congenital; not significant | Darwin's tubercule |
| Behind lobule in post auricular fold; filled with waxy sebaceous material, painful if infected | Sebaceous cyst on ear |
| Inflammation of the external ear (including auricle and ear canal); severe swelling to 1/4 of normal ear canal size | Otitis externa |
| Serum or pus; otitis media with effusion (OME) or chronic otitis media; may also see air or fluid or ai bubbles | TM: yellow-amber |
| Retraction of drum; vacuum in middle ear from obstructed Eustachian tube, caused by negative pressure | TM: prominent landmarks |
| Acute otitis media (AOM) | TM: absent or distorted light reflex |
| Blood behind drum, trauma or skull fracture | TM: blue or dark red |
| Dark, round or oval areas | TM: perforation |
| Scarring; sequalae of infections | TM: white dense areas |
| Diminished or absent landmarks; thickened drum | Chronic otitis media |
| Black or white dots on drum or canal; colony of growth | Fungal ear infection |
| Hyperpigmentation on sacrum or buttocks but can be anywhere; caused by dermal melanocytes | Mongolian spot |
| Large round or oval patch of light brown pigmentation present at birth; if 6 or more are present it is diagnostic of neurofibromatosis | Cafe au lait spot |
| Normal physiologic variance in about half of all newborns, occurs day 3 or 4 of life; not normal day 1 (hemolytic disease) or after 2 weeks (biliary tract obstruction) | Physiologic jaundice |
| Seborrheic Keratosis | Dark, greasy, and "stuck on" raise area of hyperpigmentation |
| Actinic (Senile) Keratosis | Red-tan scaly plaques that increase over the years to become raised and roughened |
| Acrochordons | "skin tags" overgrowths of normal skin that form a stalk and are polyp-like |
| Sebaceous hyperplasia | Raised yellow papules with a central depression |
| Petechiae | Tiny punctate hemorrahages 1 to 3mm, round and discrete, dark red, purple or brown in color |
| Purpura | Confluent extensive patch of petechiae and ecchymoses >3mm, flat, red to puruple, macular hemorrhage |
| Ecchymosis | Purplish patch resulting form extravasation of blood into the skin >3mm in diameter |
| Contusion | Bruise |
| Measles (rubeola) | Red-purple maculopapular blotchy rash on third or fourth day of illness; +Koplik spots (white grains of salt on buccal mucosa) |
| German measles (rubella) | Paler pink, papular rash, first appears on face then spreads; +lymphadenopathy and absence of Koplik spots |
| Chickenpox (varicella) | Small, tight vesicles first appear on trunk and spread to face, arms, legs (not palms or soles) |
| Macule | Solely a color change, flat and circumcised of <1cm |
| Papule | Something you can feel, caused by a superficial thickening in epidermis <1 cm |
| Patch | Macules larger than 1cm |
| Plaque | Papules coalesce to form surface elevation greater than 1cm |
| Nodule | Solid, elevated, hard or soft, larger than 1cm, may extend deeper into dermis than papule |
| Tumor | Larger than a few centimeters, firm or soft, deeper into dermis, may be benign or malignant |
| Wheal | Superficial, raised, transient and erythematous; irregular shape from edema |
| Urticaria (hives) | Wheals coalesce to form extensive reaction, intensely pruritic |
| Vesicle | Elevated cavity containing free fluid, up to 1 cm |
| Bulla | Larger than 1 cm fluid filled single chambered |
| Cyst | Encapsulated fluid-filled cavity in dermis or subcutaneous layer, tensely elevating skin |
| Pustule | Turbid fluid (pus) in the cavity, circumscribed, elevated |
| Crust (secondary) | Thickened, dried out exudate left when vesicles/pustules burst or dry up |
| Scale (secondary) | Compact, desiccated flakes of skin, dry or greasy, silvery or white, from shedding of dead excess keratin cells |
| Fissure (secondary) | Linear crack with abrupt edges |
| Erosion (secondary) | Scooped out but shallow depression |
| Ulcer (secondary) | Deeper depression extending into dermis, irregular shape, may bleed, leaves scar when it heals |
| Excoriation (secondary) | Self-inflicted abrasion, superficial |
| Scar (secondary) | After a skin lesion is repairs, normal tissue is lost and replaced with connective tissue (Collagen) |
| Atrophic scar | Resulting skin level depressed with loss of tissue |
| Lichenification | Prolonged, intense scratching eventually thickens skin and produces tightly packed set of papules |
| Nevus flammeus (port-wine stain) | Large, flat, macular patch covering face or scalp frequently along distribution of cranial nerve V |
| Strawberry mark (immature hemangioma) | Raised bright red area of well defined borders about 2-3cml does not blanch, consists of imamture capillaries, usually disappears by age 5-7 |
| Cavernous hemangioma (mature) | Reddish-blue, irregularly shaped, solid, and spongy mass of blood vessels |
| Telangiectasia | Caused by vascular dilation; permanently enlarged and dilated blood vessels visible on skin surface |
| Spider or star angioma | Fiery red star-shaped marking with solid circular center |
| Venous lake | Blue-purple dilation of venules and capillaries in a star-shaped, linear or flaring pattern |
| Diaper dermatitis | Red, moist, maculopapular patch with poorly defined boarders in perineal area along inguinal and gluteal folds |
| Intertrigo | Scalding red, moist patches with sharply demarcated borders, some loose scales; +candidiasis |
| Impetigo | Moist, thin-roofed vesicles with thin, erythematous base; rupture to form erosions and thick, honey-colored crusts; highly contagious bacterial infection can easily spread |
| Atopic dermatitis (eczema) | Chronic inflammatory skin lesion caused by overstimulated immune system, genetic changes in skin, and environmental triggers |
| Primary contact dermatitis | Local inflammatory reaction to an irritant in the environment of an allergy |
| Allergic drug reaction | Erythematous and symmetric rash, usually generalized |
| Tinea corporis | "ringworm of body," scales hyperpigmented in whites, depigmented in dark-skinned people |
| Tinea pedis | "ringworm of foot" or "athlete's foot," fungal infection, first appears as small vesicles between toes, on sides of feet, and on soles, grows scaly and hard |
| Herpes zoster (shingles) | Small, grouped vesicles emerge along route of cutaneous sensory nerve, then pustules then crusts |
| Basal cell carcinoma | Usually starts as small, pink or red papule with pearly translucent top overlying a telangiectasia (broken blood vessel) then develops rounded pearly borders with central red ulcer |
| Squamous cell carcinoma | Erythematous scaly patch with sharp margins, 1 cm or more, develops central ulcer and surrounding erythema, usually on hands or head, areas exposed to UV radiating |
| Malignant melanoma | Usually brown, tan, black, pink-red, purple or mixed pigmentation |
| Paronychia | Red, swollen, tender inflammation fo the nail folds |
| Beau line | Transverse furrow or groove, depression across the nail that extends down to the nail bed |
| Harlequin color change | Baby is in a side lying position and lower half of body turns red and upper half blanches with a distinct demarcation line down the midline |
| Angular cheilitis | Erythema, scaling, shallow and painful fissues at corners of mouth, occur with excessive salivation |
| Herpes simplex virus (HSV) | Cold sores; clear vesicles with surrounding indurated eythematous base evolving into pustules which rupture and weep and crust; highly contagious and spread by direct contact |
| Candidiasis (oral) | Thrush in a newborn; white "cheesy" curdlike patches that scratch off, leaving a raw, red surface |