INFCON1
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Also called "exposure control plan" by OSHA | INFECTION CONTROL |
| A required office program that is designed to protect personnel against risks of exposure to infection | INFECTION CONTROL |
| Federal agency | OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION |
| Charged with the enforcement of safety and health legislation | OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION |
| OSHA laws apply to all private employers, regardless of the size of the company | OSHA'S RESPONSIBILITY |
| To ensure that employers create safe working environment for its employees. | OSHA'S RESPONSIBILITY |
| Companies found to be non-compliant with these regulations can face OSHA occupational health and safety fines. | OSHA'S RESPONSIBILITY |
| Development of standard operating procedures Evaluation of practices | OSHA'S SAFETY A SUCCESSFUL INFECTION-CONTROL PROGRAM |
| Routine documentation of adverse outcomes and work-related illnesses in dental health care personnel | OSHA'S SAFETY A SUCCESSFUL INFECTION-CONTROL PROGRAM |
| Monitoring health-care associated infections in patients | OSHA'S SAFETY A SUCCESSFUL INFECTION-CONTROL PROGRAM |
| Centers for Disease and Control (CDC) | OSHA SAFETY PROGRAM |
| Other Public agencies | OSHA SAFETY PROGRAM |
| Academe | OSHA SAFETY PROGRAM |
| Private and Professional organizations. | OSHA SAFETY PROGRAM |
| According to them Sterilization is the process of killing or removing all viable organisms | MIMS, PLAYFAIR |
| Destruction of pathogenic and other kinds of microorganisms by physical or chemical means. | DISINFECTION |
| Example of disinfectant | Chlorine/bleach |
| A substance that inhibits the growth or action of microorganisms especially in or on living tissue | ANTISEPTIC |
| Example of antiseptic | Isopropyl alcohol (70%) |
| Multiplication of microorganism | INFECTION |
| (TYPES OF INFECTION) when a microbe initially contacted a host. | PRIMARY INFECTION |
| (TYPES OF INFECTION) Is possible when a new microbe enters the host whereby the host's resistance is lowered due to a pre-existing infectious disease | SECONDARY INFECTION |
| (TYPES OF INFECTION) an infection acquired in the hospital | NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION |
| (TYPES OF INFECTION) Is an infection due to drug therapy or investigative procedures used by the physician | IATROGENIC INFECTION |
| (TYPES OF INFECTION) Infection where clinical symptoms are not apparent | SUBCLINICAL INFECTION |
| (TYPES OF INFECTION) Where the characteristic clinical manifestations of the particular diseases is absent. | ATYPICAL INFECTION |
| (TYPES OF INFECTION) Infection where clinical symptoms are not apparent | SUBCLINICAL INFECTION |
| (TYPES OF INFECTION) Where the characteristic clinical manifestations of the particular diseases is absent. | ATYPICAL INFECTION |
| (SOURCES OF INFECTION) Is an infection from outside the host's body. The source of infection of this infection may come from living or non-living reservoirs | EXOGENOUS INFECTION |
| (SOURCES OF INFECTION) may include humans and animals, the former being the most common | LIVING RESERVOIRS |
| (SOURCES OF INFECTION) include the soil where parasitic worm infections cause diseases in humans. | NON-LIVING RESERVOIRS |
| (SOURCES OF INFECTION) example of carrier | Typhoid, hepatitis, AIDS,etc |
| (THEORIES AND CONCEPTS OF THE INFECTIOUS DISEASE PROCESS) A growing, living organism caused the problem | PASTEUR'S GERM THEORY |
| (THEORIES AND CONCEPTS OF THE INFECTIOUS DISEASE PROCESS) His solution to the problem was to boil the liquid to kill the germs | PASTEUR'S GERM THEORY |
| Is a concept where 3 factors affect the formation of disease or presence of an infection. | EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRIAD OF DISEASE |
| Infection control | Prevent or stop the spread of infections in a healthcare settings |
| Major infection | Associated occupational health hazard; Sharps, injuries and exposure to blood borne viruses; May be mercury toxic |
| Disinfection | Process that eliminates many or all pathogenic microorganism, but cannot eliminate bacterial spores. |
| Sterilization | The process of making something free from bacteria or other living microorganism; Can kill microorganisms AND bacterial spores |
| Disinfect | Clean esp. with a chemical in order to destroy bacteria |
| Sterile | Free from bacteria or other living microorganisms; Completely free of microscopic organisms |
| Asepsis | Absence of bacteria or virus and other microorganisms; Condition in which no living disease causing microorganisms are presen |
| Build a culture of safety | This approach requires a commitment from the whole dental team if it is to be successful |
| Self monitoring of risk behaviors | You know what is your job description; You should know how to behave accdg. to your job |
| Recognizing and reporting errors | An example of this is when a patient with TB coughed without immediately covering his or her mouth, the phlegm contaminated the waiting area |
| Clear communication | Without this, workers and leaders will not be able to prevetn transmission of diseases efficiently; There will not be any proper coordination between people in the laboratory |
| Vigilance | You observed that a patient is not looking good and you suspect that he or she is sick |
| Teamwork | Combination of all the factors listed in Disinfection and Asepsis |
| Active failures | Are unsafe acts committed by frontline people in direct contact with the patient. Their impact is usually instantaneous and breaches the integrity of the practice's "defenses" |
| Latent conditions | Made by people whose tasks are removed in time and space from operational activities; An error in a component, piece of equipment or system which is not yet manifested but a result of a hidden flaw |
| ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS | A way of highlighting active and latent failures in the dental practice is to use root cause analysis. Staff and students working on the 'frontline' are usually in the best position to identify issues and solution. |
| Resident | Resident flora found on the hands include mainly Gram. positive, low virulence micro-organisms that are rarely transmitted by hand contact and are not easily removed through hand hygiene. |
| Transient | Lora consists mainly of Gram-negative bacteria that are an important cause of nosocomial infections that can be removed by hand hygiene. |
| Direct contact via hands | He major route of spread for a number of organ- isms including MRSA, influenza viruses, herpes simplex (the cause of cold sores) and herpes zoster viruses (the cause of shingles). |
| Main purpose of hand hygiene | To remove or destroy the transient flora acquired through contact with patients and their surroundings or contaminated equipment, as well as the physical removal of dirt, blood and body fluids. |
| Hand rubs | Referred to as 'leave-on products' as they are not rinsed off after use. |
| Alcohol-based hand rubs | Formulated as gels, rinses and foams; unsuitable when-hands are visibly soiled with organic material such as blood or dirt. |
| Triclosan and triclocarban | Can cause alterations in thyroid and reproductive systems of neonatal and adolescent animals. |
| Keratin-rich layers | Part of intact skin form a natural barrier to infection |
| Barrier protocol | Also known as Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) |
| Personal Protective Equipment | Is at the bottom of Risk management hierarchy |
| Donning | Wearing |
| Doffing | Removing |