Introduction to Judaism - Details

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Torah scroll containing only the Five Books of Moses

Written torah

Final section of Biblical texts known as TaNaKH

Writings

Day of fasting and prayer that ends with the blowing of the shofar; concludes the fast and the Days of Awe and Ten Days of Repentance

Yom kippur

Device that utilizes an object of either a ceremonial nature or food, as a means of recalling aspects of unique holiday observances

Trigger tool

Four Hebrew letters usually transliterated as YHWH (Yahweh) or JHVH (Jehovah) signifying the Hebrew name for God which the Jews regarded as too holy to pronounce

Tetragrammaton

Period between the end of Rosh Hashanah and the end of Yom Kippur

Ten days of repentance

Ceremony performed on the first afternoon of the Rosh Hashanah holiday; prayers are recited near a body of water, as if to throw away one's sins

Tashlich

The Jewish scriptures which consist of three divisions--the Torah and the Prophets and the Writings

Tanakh

Encyclopedic written record of the Oral Law

Talmud

Tent-like structure and curtained compound built by the Jews as a concession to their need to associate God with something real, after the Golden Calf incident

Tabernacle

(Judaism) the place of worship for a Jewish congregation

Synagogue

An ancient musical horn made from the horn of a ram; used in ancient times by the Israelites to sound a warning or a summons; used in synagogues today on solemn occasions

Shofar

Rabbi and sage, contemporary of Hillel the Elder

Shammai

A Jew who is of Spanish or Portuguese or North African descent

Sephardim

Prayers of supplication to God

Selichot

The supreme court of religious and civil law in ancient israel, composed of 70 outstanding scholar-members and their students

Sanhedrin

Format of worship in ancient Judaism, keyed directly to the socio-economic reality of agrarian life in Biblical times, focused on crops and livestock

Sacrificial ritual worship

Ultimate test by God of Abraham's willingness to follow God's directions

Sacrifice of Isaac

Imagery of the weekly sabbath most often used in conjunction with Saturday daylight activities, expresses the idea of the day of rest as something regal but accessible to all

Sabbath queen

A rest day that applies to everyone in society, regardless of status. origin of weekend.

Sabbath day

Imagery of the weekly Sabbath most often used in conjunction with Friday night, expressed in terms that imply its special nature as a gift from God

Sabbath bride

Judaism's new year and a key holiday of the season when Jews pause to reflect on their past behavior, repent their errors, and resolve to improve in the coming year

Rosh Hashanah

The ultimate watershed experience according to Judaism’s Core Narrative, resulting in the mass experience of God’s presence and the pronouncement of the Ten Commandments

Revelation at Sinai

Form of Judaism centered around rabbinic scholars as interpreters and deciders of Jewish law

Rabbinic judaism

Persons with whom God communicated in various ways: through visions, dreams, images, voices, etc. Also the second collective work of the TaNaKH

Prophets

Intellectual construct proposed by Abraham Joshua Heschel to describe the Sabbath as a feature of time full of both restraints and delights

Palace in Time

Fourth of the Five Books of Moses. Details incidents during the desert experience after Mt. Sinai, as well as continues to enumerate various commandments

Numbers

Hebrew word for Commandment

Mitzvah

Period of time when humanity achieves a perfect world, thereby completing the task of Creation initiated by God

Messianic Age

A candelabrum with nine branches; used during the Hanukkah festival. 8 ceremonial candles and an extra candle with which to light the others each night.

Menorah

Food that God gave the Israelites during the Exodus.

Manna

Third of the Five Books of Moses. Contains "Holiness Code" and ceremonial duties.

Leviticus

Inserted in the Jewish calendar periodically in order to push the Hebrew month of Nisan and its Passover holiday into Spring

Leap month

Ceremonial white garment for males to wear during Yom Kippur

Kittel

Ceremonial blessing over wine, a beverage highly symbolic of the human ability to both create and use something for a holy purpose, or potentially abuse it and lose one's dignity

Kiddush

Derived from the 613 commands recorded throughout the Five Books of Moses, in addition to the Oral Tradition of the text’s meaning as understood by Moses and transmitted to his disciple Joshua, and by Joshua to the Elders of his generation, and then to the Prophets, and eventually to the rabbinical sages whose various traditional understandings were recorded in the Talmud.

Jewish Law

Section of the book of Leviticus which details ways in which God describes how people should act in such a way as to imitate God's holiness

Holiness Code

The idea that God desires humans to infuse their actions with sacred purpose and meaning, such as helping the poor and acting ethically at all times

Holiness

Sabbath’s concluding ceremony which utilizes a full cup of wine—symbolic that the coming week be filled with sweet blessing; a blend of aromatic spices—which are inhaled to refresh the soul during the ceremony because the Sabbath departs; and a multi-wicked candle—symbolic of the return to the start of a new week of creativity and everyday work.

Havdalah

First of Five Books of Moses; contains the background stories of the family origins of the Jews and the exploits of their ancestors

Genesis

Doing what's right as part of the human responsibility to correct the world's wrongs

Fixing the World

First core document of Judaism's TaNaKh

Five Books of Moses

Second of Five Books of Moses; Jewish slavery in Egypt, freedom from slavery, initial wanderings in the desert, and the Revelation at Mt. Sinai

Exodus

Fifth of Five Books of Moses; Moses recounts the events experienced by the Jews, and the important teachings which Moses related to the Jews during their desert wanderings

Deuteronomy

Actions performed for the benefit of others with no reciprocation.

Deeds of Loving Kindness

Ceremonial loaf of bread served on Sabbaths and Jewish holidays except Passover

Challah

Jews of European origin who lived in the early post-Roman Empire in Western Europe, and who later migrated further east, into Central and Eastern Europe

Ashkenazim

Traditional New Year trigger foods eaten in the hope for a sweet New Year

Apples and honey

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