Kinesiology
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| What is kinesiology? | Kinesiology is the study of movement of the human body |
| What is exercise physiology? | Exercise physiology is how the body responds and adapts to the stresses placed on it by exercise |
| What does anatomy deal with? What is anatomy equal to? | Anatomy deals with the structural organization of living things, like how things are built and what they consist/are made of ->Anatomy is/equals structure |
| What is physiology concerned with? What is physiology equal to? | Physiology is concerned with the basic processes like reproduction, growth, and metabolism, as they occur within various systems in the body -> Physiology is/equals to function |
| Why is anatomical terminology important? What is it similar to in concept? | Anatomical terminology is important because it provides a universal understanding of the location of muscles, bones and other parts of the body (mostly within); its similar in concept to the periodic table, a universal language for scientists. |
| What's the point of the structure of your body? | The structure of your body determines not only your function, but it's designed for efficient movement, like how your foot is. |
| Describe the anatomical position (standard position when we refer to the body in kinesiology): | S.F.A.P.L.H -Standing Erect -Facing forward -Arms hanging on the side -Palms facing forward and thumbs outward -Legs straight -Heels, feet, and great toes parallel to each other |
| What is the point of the anatomical position? Picture of the anatomical position: | The point of the anatomical position is that it's a starting reference point for describing the human body; it's also universally accepted and used in all anatomical descriptions. |
| What is lateral? | Lateral: Away from the midline of the body. Example ears are lateral to the nose. |
| What is medial? | Medial is towards the midline. Example: Your cheeks are medial to yours ears. |
| What is distal? | Distal: Further from some specified region |
| What is proximal? | Closer to some specified region. Example: with respect to the trunk (the main body), the hands are distal to the arms and the arms are proximal to the hands. |
| What is anterior? | Anterior: In-front of your body |
| What is posterior? | Posterior: Behind or the back of your body |
| What is superior? | Superior: Above E.G Collar bone is superior to the ribcage |
| What is inferior? | Inferior: Below E.G Hip bone is inferior to the rib cage |
| What is supine? | Lying on your back, like benching |
| What is prone? | Lying face down like a pushup |
| What are "Planes" of the body? | Imaginary flat surface(s) that divide the body, often used to describe specific motion(s) and will always be referred to the anatomical position. |
| What is the sagittal plane? | The sagittal plane is the vertical plane that bisects the body into 2 equal halves (right and left). An example of an action in it would be walking or a summersault. |
| What is the frontal plane? | The frontal plane is the vertical plane of the body that bisects the body into the front and back. It's at right angles to the median plane. Examples are jumping jacks. |
| What is the transverse or horizontal plane? | The transverse plane or horizontal plane is a plane that bisects the body into top and bottom. An example is a figure skater spinning. |
| What is "center of gravity"? | Point at which the medial, frontal, and transverse planes intersect. |
| What is flexion? | Flexion: reduces the angle between 2 bones at a joint. Ex: bicep curl |
| What is extension? | Extension: Increases the angle between 2 bones at a joint (lifting weights is an example) |
| What is dorsiflexion-plantar flexion? | A modified flexion with respect to the ankle joint |
| What is dorsiflexion? | Dorsiflexion is bringing the top foot towards the lower leg or the shin |
| What is plantar flexion? | Plantar flexion is "planting" the foot |
| What is abduction? | Abduction is moving a segment away from the midline of the body |
| What is adduction? | Adduction is moving a segment towards the midline of the body |
| Which plane does abduction-adduction fall under? | Abduction-adduction falls under frontal plane movement, like the motions of the arm/legs during a jumping jack |
| What is circumduction? | A cone of movement that does not include any rotation, often occurring when flexion-extension movements are combined with abduction-adduction movements like tracing an imaginary circle in the air with your index finger (the tip of your finger represents the base of the cone, while your knuckles form the apex of this conical motion) |
| What is rotation? | Rotation is turning a bone along its longitudinal axis (Must find your own image/depiction for this) |
| What is medial rotation? | Medial rotation is rotation towards the midline |
| What is lateral rotation? | Lateral rotation is rotation away from the midline |
| What are pronation-supination movements? | Movements related to the forearm and hand |
| What is pronation? | Pronation is when the palm is moved to face posteriorly |
| What is supination? | Supination is when the palm is moved to face anteriorly (such as holding a bowl of soup) |
| What is protraction? | Protraction is the action of extending a body part |
| What is retraction? | Retraction is the action of the body being retracted to its original position |
| What is inversion-eversion? | Movements related to the sole of the foot |
| What is inversion? | Inversion is when the sole (of the foot) is turned inward (as when you "go over" on your ankle) |
| What is eversion? | Eversion is when the sole is turned outward or away from the median plane of the body |
| What are anatomical axises used for? | Anatomical axises are used to describe the rotation of muscles and where bones take place |
| What are longitudinal/vertical axes? | Longitudinal/ vertical axes run in a "North-South" relationship to the anatomical position (spin around yourself on one foot) |
| What is the horizontal axis? | The horizontal axis runs in the "east-west" in relationship to the anatomical position (somersault as an example) |
| What is anteroposterior/sagittal axis? | The anteroposterior/sagittal axis is an axis that runs in a "front to back" relationship to the anatomical position (like a cartwheel) |
| How can we describe position and movement? | Body movement can be described in terms of anatomical plane through which it occurs and the anatomical axis around which it rotates. The general rule for it is that the axis of rotation is perpendicular to the plane of movement |
| Memorize this table: | Position and movement. Plane of movement | Axis of Rotation | Example ----------------------------------------------------------- Transverse | Longitudinal/vertical | Rotation ----------------------------------------------------------- Sagittal | Horizontal | Flexion/Extension ----------------------------------------------------------- Frontal/Coronal | Antero-Posterior/ Sagittal | Abduction/Adduction |