Lung and Oxygen
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Lung and Oxygen - Details
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Is the difference in the oxygen content of the blood between the arterial blood and the venous blood | Arteriovenous oxygen difference or a-vO2 diff |
| -Men 5.7L -Women 4.2L | Average Lung Volumes |
| Intracellular metabolic reactions that use O2 and CO2 during ATP production. | Cellular Respiration |
| Hb not combined with oxygen. | Deoxyhaemoglobin or reduced haemoglobin |
| Measure of fitness and lung volume. -measures how well the system works -depends on volume and speed -air flow is reduced for people with asthma etc. | Dynamic Lung Volumes (4 points) |
| Take during abnormal breathing. A sharp inhale and slow exhale. E.g. FEV, FEV1 and FVC. | Dynamic Measurements |
| -diffusion must be very short -barriers e.g. cell membranes must be very thin -gas exchange surfaces must be moist | Efficient Gas Exchange (3 points) |
| -air moving out of the lungs. -purely passive process -chest wall and lungs undergo elastic recoil -pressure inside lungs increases > atmospheric pressure = air leaves lungs | Expiration (4 points) |
| The transfer of O2 and CO2 between the external environment and tissue cells. | External Respiration |
| Diagnostic tool for respiratory illnesses. Around 0.85 is healthy. <0.70 unhealthy. Ratio is age dependent. | FEV1/FEV ratio (x 100 for %) |
| Speed of air coming out of the lung during the middle portion of a forced expiration | Forced Expiratory Flow (FEF) |
| Volume of air expired after maximum inspiration | Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV) |
| Maximum volume forcible expired after max inspiration (in L) | Forced Vital Capacity |
| Protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood. When combined with oxygen it is called oxyhaemoglobin. | Haemoglobin (Hb of Hgb) |
| Involved in breathing, producing sound and protecting the trachea against food aspiration | Larynx or voice box |
| E.g. asthma, chronic bronchitis, cystic fibrosis and emphysema. | Lower Airway Obstruction |
| Or Maximal Breathing Capacity (MBC) is the maximum minute volume of ventilation that the subject can maintain for 12 to 15 s. | Maximum Exercise Ventilation (VEmax) |
| Measure of the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled and exhaled within one minute. | Maximum Voluntary Ventilation (MVV) |
| Total volume of air entering the lungs in a minute (in L/min). Calculated by frequency (e.g. 12 bpm) x Tidal volume (e.g. 0.5L) = MV e.g. 6L/min | Minute Ventilation |
| Hb combined with O2 | Oxyhaemoglobin |
| The proportion of CO2 volume generated to the O2 volume consumption at cellular levels | Respiratory Quotient RQ |
| Any taken during normal breathing, displayed as a normal wave function. E.g. ERV, TV, RV, IRV and VC | Static Measurements |
| The chest | Thorax |
| Links larynx to the lungs | Trachea |
| E.g. Epiglottitis, foreign body obstruction or upper airway tumour | Upper airway obstruction |
| IC (inspiratory capacity) | The total amount of air that can be drawn into the lungs after normal expiration |
| FRC (functional residual capacity) | The volume of air present in the lungs at the end of passive expiration |
| FEV1 (forced expiratory volume at 1 second) | The gas exhaled in the first second of forced expiration following full inspiration |
| SVC (slow vital capcity) | This measures the amount of air you can slowly exhale after inhaling as deeply as possible |
| IRV (inspiratory reserve volume) | The maximal amount of air that can be drawn into the lungs forcefully after normal inhalation |
| VC (vital capacity) | The volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs from a position of full inspiration , with no limit of duration for inspiration. |
| TV (tidal volume) | The air moved in and out of the lungs during quiet breathing |
| TLC (total lung capacity) | The maximum amount of air that can fill the lungs |
| RV (residual volume) | The amount of air remaining in the lungs after maximal expiration |
| ERV (expiratory reserve volume) | The maximal amount of gas that can be exhaled from the resting end expiratory level |
| Tidal volume | 0.5L |
| ERV | 1L |
| IRV | 2.5L |
| RV | 1.2L |
| IC | 3L |
| VC | 4.8L |
| TLC | 6L |
| FRC | 2.4L |