Nat 5 Chem
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156 questions
| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| What is a hydrocarbon? | A substance made up of only hydrogen and carbon atoms ONLY |
| What bonds do ALKANES have? | Carbon to carbon single bonds |
| What bonds do ALKENES have? | Carbon to carbon double bonds |
| What happens to ALKENES when mixed with bromine solution? | Immediately decolourises |
| Which hydrocarbons are SATURATED? | Alkanes and Cycloalkanes |
| What is an isomer? | Two or more compounds with the same formula but a different arrangement of atoms in the molecule and different properties |
| What is an ADDITION REACTION? | A reaction when one molecule combines with another to form a larger molecule with no products. |
| Name two uses of alcohols? | Fuel and solvent |
| What functioning group do alcohols contain? | Hydroxyl functioning group |
| What happens to the melting and boiling points when alcohols increase in size? | As alcohols increase in size their melting and boiling points increase due to the increasing strength of the inter molecular forces |
| What are two uses of carboxylic acids? | Soaps and preservatives |
| Carboxylic acids contain what functioning group? | Carboxyl functioning group |
| What is the general formula for carboxylic acids? | Cn H2n+1 1COOH |
| What PH do carboxylic acids have? | Less than 7 |
| How do you calculate the RATE OF REACTION? | Change in Quantity -------------------------- Change in Time |
| If a gas produced is not soluble, how can it be collected? | Collect over water |
| Number of protons? | Same as the atomic number |
| Number of neutrons? | Mass number - number of protons |
| Number of electrons? | Equal to the number of protons |
| Mass number? | Number of protons + number of neutrons |
| What is an ISOTOPE? | Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers |
| How do you calculate the Relative Atomic Mass? | (mass of isotope 1 x%) + (massof isotope 2 x%) -------------------------------------------------------- 100 |
| What happens to non-metal atoms regarding ions? | Gain electrons and have negative ions |
| What happens to metal atoms regarding ions? | Loose electrons and have positive ions |
| Which solids conduct electricty? | Metals and carbon in the form of graphite |
| Which liquids conduct electricty? | Ionic and metals |
| When do ionic compounds conduct electricity? | When liquid or in a solution |
| Why do ionic compunds conduct electricity in liquid or solution? | Their ions are free to move |
| What is electricity? | The flow of electrons |
| What happens to metal atoms when conducted? | The outer electrons become delocalised and are free to move |
| Why do covalent networks have high mp and bp? | The covalent bonds between the atoms must be broken which uses a lot of energy |
| Why do cavalent molecules have low mp and bp? | Only the intermolecular forces need to be broken which does not use a lot of energy |
| What shape is this? | Linear |
| What are spectator ions? | Ions that have not changed during a reaction |
| What is a ion? | Charged atom that form when a atom either looses or gains electrons |
| What is an ion? | Electrically charged particles that form when a atom looses or gains electrons |
| What is a covalent bond? | The attraction of 2 positive nuclei have for a shared pair of electrons |
| What is a ionic bond? | The electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions |
| What is a metallic bond? | The attraction between positive ions and delocalised electrons |
| How to calculate mass? | Number of moles x GFM |
| What does 1 mole equal? | 1g of formula mass |
| How to calculate number of moles? | Mass divided by GFM |
| How to calculate GFM? | Mass divided by number of moles |
| How to calculate concentration? | Number of moles divided by volume |
| How to calculate volume? | Number of moles divide by concentration |
| How to calculate number of moles using concentration? | Concentration x volume |
| What does the concentration of a solution tell you? | Number of moles of solute present in 1 litre of solution |
| How to calculate percentage mass? | Total mass of element in the compound ------------------------------------------------ X 100 formula mass of compound |
| What are 3 properties of metals? | Malleable, conductors, high melting and boiling point |
| What forms when a metal and oxygen react? | Metal oxide |
| What happens when metal and water react? | Metal hydroxide and hydrogen |
| What happens when a metal and acid react? | Salt and hydrogen |
| Which metals are extracted using electrolysis? | K, Na, Li, Ca, Mg, Al |
| Which metals are extracted by heating with carbon? | Zn, Fe, Sn, Pb |
| Which metals are extracted by heating? | Cu, Hg, Ag, Au |
| Which metals react with water to produce a metal oxide and hydrogen? | K, Na, Li, Ca, Mg, Al |
| Which metals react with oxygen to produce a metal oxide? | Cu, Hg, Ag, Au |
| How are the least reactive metals extracted? | Heating alone |
| How are the most reactive metals extracted? | Electrolysis |
| OIL | Oxidation Is Loss of electrons |
| RIG | Reduction Is Gain of electrons |
| What are oxidation and reduction? | Two halves of the same chemical reaction called redox reaction |
| How is a simple (electrochemical) cell made? | By placing two metals in an electrolyte |
| What is a electrolyte? | A conducting solution containing ions |
| What is an electrochemical cell used for? | Separating pairs of metals by their different voltages |
| What happens when metals are further apart in the electrochemical cell? | The greater the voltage produced |
| How are metals arranged in the reactivity series? | By their different voltages |
| What is in an electrochemical cell? | Salt/ion bridge |
| Whatv is the purpose of an salt/ion bridge? | To complete the circuit |
| Why is graphite rods an alternative to metals? | Cheaper and also conducts electricity |
| What are plastics? | Synthetic materials made of long chain molecules called polymers |
| What is polmerisation? | Monomers joining together to form polymers |
| What is an monomer? | Alkene or alkane |
| What is a repeating unit? | A sequence of atoms that repeat in the polymer chain |
| What is a co-polymer? | Has more than 1 monomer |