ONCOLOGY
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Study of cancer | Oncology |
| "NEW GROWTH" | Neoplasm |
| Neoplasms compete with normal tissues and cells for their metabolic needs. | Behave as parasites |
| All neoplasms are critically dependent on an adequate blood supply derived from the host | Behave as parasites |
| They metastasizes | Malignant |
| Generation of tumors | Oncogenesis |
| Capability of inducing tumor formation | Oncogenecity |
| Quantitative increase in the number of cells | Hyperplasia |
| Protective or adaptive response | Metaplasia |
| The main cause of metaplasia | Vitamin a deficiency |
| Almost always reversible | Epithelial |
| FORERUNNER OF A CANCER | Dysplasia |
| Loss of architectural orientation | Dysplasia |
| BENIGN OR MALIGNANT: prognosis: mmediate treatment needed or progressive spread follows; poor | Malignant |
| "+++OMA" | Benign neoplasm |
| Cartilaginous tumor | Chondroma |
| Arise from all germs layers | Carcinoma |
| Any stratified squamous epithelium of the body. WHAT CARCINOMA? | Squamous cell carcinoma |
| Proliferating neoplastic cells | Parenchyma |
| Parenchymal Difference: Mitoses are extremely scant in number and those present are of normal type. | Benign |
| E.g Ca of mucosa at wall of gut + visceral peritoneum | Seeding of cancers |
| Reimplants at distant sites throughout peritoneal cavity | Seeding of cancers |
| Peritoneal cavity includes: Pleural, pericardial, subarachnoid spaces | Seeding of cancers |
| Transport of tumor cell fragments by surgical instruments of Surgeon's gloved hands to sites away from the origin of the cancer | Transplantation |
| E.g. Ca of the breast---axillary nodes-nodes along internal mammary artery and supraintraclavicular regions | Lymphatic drainage |
| Most important other than lymphatic | Blood vessel invasion |
| E..g. renal carcinoma follows the renal vein going to the inferior vena cava | Blood vessel invasion |
| Pertaining to the malignant type of neoplasm that metastasizes to the different organs or the adjacent organs of the body | Mechanism of invasion |
| Is always present on different parts of the body | Laminin molecule |
| It is a protein of extracellular matrix which is a major component of the basal lamina of the basement membrane | Laminin molecule |
| A protein network foundation for most organs of the body. | Laminin molecule |
| This comes in a thin fibrous extracellular matrix that separates the internal or external surface underlying the connective tissue | Laminin molecule |
| Presence of Neoplastic cells | Attachment of tumor cell to laminin molecule |
| Tumor cells come and attach themselves to the laminin molecule | Attachment of tumor cell to laminin molecule |
| Odontogenic tumors are classified into 3 | Epithelial; Mesenchymal; Mixed epithelial and mesenchymal |
| Arises during tooth development or odontogenesis | ODONTOGENIC TUMORS |
| Pertaining to the triggers that leads to the formation of cancer | PREDISPOSITION TO CANCER |
| There are some areas in the world that is very exposed to the UV rays from the sun | Geographic and racial factors (GEOGRAPHIC) |
| Caucasians have poor melanin pigments | Geographic and racial factors (RACIAL) |
| F a patient is exposed in an area where there are a lot of smokers, it makes them a second hand smoker | Environmental and cultural influences (ENVIRONMENTAL) |