Readings in Philippine History
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Considers the time and place the historical document was written as well as the situation or the circumstances during the time. | Context analysis |
| Questions to consider in learning history and understanding sources: | How authoritative is the account/source?; How is it relevant today? |
| The Historian's duty | To draw insights from the ideas and realities that have shaped the lives of the society To comprehend how situations happened, important elements involved; how these situations can solve the current times' predicaments and help plan for the future. |
| What is History? | It is the study of belief and desires, practices and institutions of human beings. |
| Why study History? | It teaches us to see the world through different eyes - appreciating diversity of human perceptions, beliefs and cultures. Different perspectives will enable us to critically analyze the present context of society and beings. |
| Meaning of History is derived from? | Greek word "chuchu" read as "istoia" |
| "istoia" means? | Learning |
| What is the meaning of "History" for Aristotle? | "It is a systematic account of a set of natural phenomena, whether or not chronological factoring was a factor in the account." |
| Meaning of "History": Latin word? | Scientia ("science") came to be used more regularly to designate non-chronological systematic accounts of natural phenomena. |
| Is the past of mankind | History |
| Materials produced by people of groups directly involved in the event or topic being studied. | Primary sources |
| 8 Examples of Primary Sources | Photographs reflecting social conditions of historical realities & everyday life Old sketches/drawings that indicate conditions of life of past societies Old maps that may reveal how space & geography were used to emphasize trade routs, structural build-up, etc. Cartoons for political expression or propaganda Material evidence of the prehistoric past like cave drawings, old syllabaries and ancient writings. Statistical tables, graphs and charts oral history or recordings by electronic means of accounts of eyewitnesses or participants; recordings are then transcribed and used for research. Published or unpublished primary documents, eyewitness accounts, and other written sources. |
| Gottschalk simply defines as "the testimony of anyone who is NOT an eyewitness-that is of one who was not present at the event of which he tells" (p.53) | Secondary sources |
| Spice islands was dominated by what country under what treaty | Portugal dominated space islands in the east route under the treaty of versailles. |
| Magellan's proposal to King Charles 1 of Spain | Proposed a route to approach the spice island west. |
| King Charles I accepted Magellan's proposal and assembled what for the expedition? | King Charles the I accepted Magellan's proposal and assembled 270 crew and five ships, 4 carracks and one caravel. |
| Magellan made his final stop at what island in Europe 6 days after he set sail, on September 26, 1519? | Canary Islands |
| Magellan made and reached the South America on? | November 29,1519 |
| As Magellan searched for a passage west, what ship was wrecked though the crew were saved and on what day on Cabo Virgenes (Cape Virgenes). | Santiago, October 21, 1520 |
| What another ship on What day, deserted and sailed home on Cabo Descado but Magellan discovered a 300 mile strait which now bears his name. Strait of Magellan. | San Antonio, November 28, 1520 |
| Through to the far ocean, Magellan encountered a sea that is so calm he named it? | Mara Pacifico, the peaceful or Pacific sea. |
| Bigger than estimated, what did Magellan's crew faced? | Their, supplies ran out, men forced to eat rats and drink putrid water and 19 died of scurvy. |
| A week later leaving Guam, Magellan and his crew, reaching the Philippines became? Where they were able to feast on bananas and coconuts. | Magellan and his crew became the First Europeans to reach the Philippines. |
| Magellan saw the island of Zamal (i.e. Samar) | Dawn of march 16, 1521 |
| Decided not to land on the main island but the island on the right side of Zamal, which is uninhabited, which is called? | Humunu (Homonhon) |
| As they had explored Humunu, they has discovered the two springs that has the clearest water on where thy called it? | Acquada da li bouni Segnialli (The Watering-place of Good signs) |
| The people Magellan had first interacted or met | The people of Zuluan |
| The discovery of Islets or islets was named as? | The archipelago of San Lazaro (now Hundred island). |
| It was named the archipelago of San Lazaro during that time because? | The islets or archipelago was discovered on the sabbath (Sunday) of St. Lazarus. |
| Was an old who was painted. | The seignor [Elders] |
| Holy Friday when the interpreter ask the slave interpreter to ask the king if they had food to have it carried to the ship and the king came with? | Eight to six men in the same boat and entered the ship |
| The captain general in exchange gave the king a garment of red and yellow cloth made in the Turkish fashion and fine red cap and knives to the men. What did the king gave in exchange? | The king gave three porcelain jars covered with leaves and full of raw rice, two very large orade [dorada] and other things/ |
| Magellan met The king of Butuan and the king of Calagan [Caraga] namely? | Raia Colambu the king of Butuan and Raia Siaui the king of Calagan [Caraga] |
| The first mass in the Philippines happened? | Early morning of Sunday the last of March and Easter Sunday they prepared for the Mass that will happen. |
| When the hour for mass arrived they landed with? | 50 men without body armor and in the best clothes. |
| When magellan landed the kings were there and? | Embraced the captain-general and march to the place of consecration which is not far from the shore. |
| When the body of Christ was elevated, they (Magellan) did what for the procession of the first mass? | Fired their artillery. |
| Everything (the first mass, procession) has been explained to the kings or not? | Everything has been explained to kings. |
| After mass, What did Magellan do or told the kings? Wherein the Kings benefit, for whenever any allied ship saw it they will know that they had been there and that they will not harm them or any of their land. | After mass, Magellan told the kings that they need to set-up the cross, for the Kings benefit, for whenever any allied ship saw it they will know that they had been there and that they will not harm them or any of their land. |
| Why is it necessary that the cross should be set in the highest mountain? | It is necessary that the cross should be set in the highest mountain, so that they could adore it and neither thunder nor storm will harm them. |
| What did they (Magellan) also asked after he told the kings that they need to set-up the cross? | They (Magellan) also asked if they were Moro on which they answered they are not. |
| When did they went to the highest summit on that island to place the cross. | After dinner together with the two kings. |
| As the island doesn’t have enough food they asked if where they could find the best port to get food and three ports was recommended: | CEYLON (Leyte), ZUBU (Cebu) and CALAGHANN (Calagan) and the Zubu is the largest and the one with most trade. |
| After the cross erected (Humunu), they repeated | A Pater Noster and an Ave Maria and adored the cross in which the Kings also did the same. |
| They went to the cultivated land and asked what help (plan of travelling)? | Help from the Kings if they could asked someone to guide them, they even offered that they will send someone to make it as a hostage just to give assurance to them that the guide will be safe. |
| When night falls the King changed his mind and let them stay until the harvest is over, This is so that? | So that they could carry more goods as long as they will send some men to help them and they agreed. |
| What was the reason that they (Magellan) stayed more days in Humunu? | The following morning, after the harvest, no work happened since most men drinks and eat, the worked happened a day after the reason that they (Magellan) stayed more days in Humunu. |
| As they traveled (from Humunu) they stop over at? | MAZUA [Limasawa] an Island 25 leagues from the Accquada. |
| In a stop over in Mazua, Mazaua, or modern day Limasawa, same as the people they’ve meet, full of tattoos and clothing that just covers their private with long hairs that reach the ground and a hole in their ear, they also discovered that? | They are eating a fruit that resembles a pear and wrap in a betel leaf (nga nga) this is chewed with the belief that they will not die. |
| They remained for 7 days in the Island, then traveled toward northwest, passing five island which are: | Ceylon, Bohol, Canighan, Baybai and Gatighan. |
| There were bats as large as eagles that also becomes? | Their meal and other animals that is exotic to the island |
| They then out westward from Gatighan, the king of Mazua cannot follow them closely, thus they waited for him near the three islands, what are these islands? | These islands are namely POLO [Poro], TICOBAN [Pasijan], and POZON [Pason]. The king was astonished at the rapidity of the ship. |
| The caption-general invited the chiefs to board the ship at which they were pleased and traveled to? | ZUBU |
| Magellan and the crew entered the port of ZUBU on? | Noon on Sunday April 7, |
| The sails were lowered and arranged as if for battle and the artillery was fired which caused? | Fear to the people |
| Who was sent to the King of Zubo with the interpreter | The foster-son of Magellan |
| The interpreter relied what to the king of Zubu after they landed and was approached by the foster son of Magellan with an interpreter? | The interpreter relied that the master was a captain and the greatest king and prince in the world and that he was going to discover "Malucho", but that he has some sole to visit the King because of the good report which he has heard from the king of Mazua and so as to by food |
| The King of Zubu said that? | It was customary to give tribute to whoever comes to trade with them. |
| The interpreter told the king after the king replied that? | The interpreter told the king that, since his master was the captain of so great a king, he did not pay tribute to any seignior in the world |
| They also said to the King of Zubu that? | The master’s king was more powerful in men and ships that the king of Portogalo that he was the king of Spagnia and emperor of all the Christians and if they will not care they will sent so many men that they would destroy him |
| Who that has a great influence step in to speak to the king (of (Zubu) in courtesy of the caption-general | The king of Mazua |
| Monday morning, the notary together with the interpreter went to Zubu to talked to the king if? | Whether they (the king of Zubu and its people) will pay tribute to the emperor, his master and they want all they want it to do trading and no others. |
| The king was satisfied and just wished to become his friend, he then? | Should send him a drop of blood his right arm (blood compact), and this happened |
| On Wednesday morning ,one of Magellan’s or they, have asked the king if they could consecrate the land and set up the cross The king's reaction was? | The King was satisfied and wanted also to adore the cross, thus he allowed it. |
| The deceased was buried in the square and consecrated the place? | One in the morning and one on the evening. |
| After consecrating the land and setting up the cross on Wednesday, two days later, Friday, Magellan did what? | Shop for full merchandize, like metals and iron which was bartered using gold while also small item goods such as, rice, swine and other. |
| After Magellan shup for full merchandize of Friday, tomorrow that day, Saturday, What did Magellan do? | They prepared the platform that will be used for the baptism as the captain had promised the King to baptized him. |
| After preparing the platform that will be used for baptism on Saturday, April 14, Sunday morning, how many men went ashore in which 2 are armed and had preceded the royal banner and artillery fired? | 40 men went ashore 2 are armed and preceded the royal banner and the artillery fired |
| The captain told the king through the interpreter the he thanked God for inspiring him to become Christian and that he would have more easily conquered his enemies. The king told the captain that he wanted to become a Christian but the others does not want to since the are as good men as them and the captain told What? | If they will not obey, they will be killed and going to give their possession to the king. |
| Who was the kings another brother was also baptized. | Raia (Rajah) Humabon |
| All persons of that Island was baptized and burned what because it refused to obey the King or us (Magellan)? | Burned one hamlet |
| Set up cross for those people were heathen and if Moros? | They erected a column |
| Friday April 26, Zula one of the chief in Matan, sent? he plans to give more but the other chief of Matan refused to obey the king of Spagnia named? | His son to present two goats to the captain general (Magellan), Zula one of the chief of Matan wishes to give more but Cilapulapu the other chief of Matan refused to obey the king of Spagnia. |
| Zula requested the captain to send him only one boatload of men on the next night, so that? | They might help him and fight against the other chief (Cilapulapu) |
| Magellan decided with how many boatloads instead and joined to fight against the other chief | Three boatloads |
| At midnight, how many men set out armed with corselets and helmets together with the Christian king, the prince and some chief man and Balanghais? | 60 men set out armed with corselets and helmets, together with the Christian King, the Prince and some chief man and 20 to 30 balanghais |
| How many hours did the crew reached Matan on their fight against cilapulapu (Lapu-lapu) the other chief in Matan? | Reached Matan 3hours before dawn |
| The captain did not wish to fight, but? | But he sent amessage to the natives by the Moro to the effect if they would obey the king of Spagnia |
| They did not proceed yet to attacked but wait till morning so? | That they might have more men |
| When morning came how many leaped into the water and walked through it for more than two crossbow flights? | 49 leaped into the water and walked through it for more than two crossbow flights |
| The team of Cilapulapu charged with loud cries in two division on and other at? | Two division on flanks and other two at front |
| What weapons were used and shot in that fight? | A lot of arrow shots so as bamboo spears |
| What did Magellan ordered that the group of Cilapilapu roused in fury | Magellan order to burn their houses, with that the group of Cilapilapu roused in fury |