Test bank chap 15 - Details

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Antibiotics that disrupt or halt cell wall biosynthesis are actually ineffective at harming growth of mycoplasmas.

Answer: TRUE

Antibiotics that disrupt or halt cell wall biosynthesis are actually ineffective at harming growth of mycoplasmas.

Answer: TRUE

Antibiotics that disrupt or halt cell wall biosynthesis are actually ineffective at harming growth of mycoplasmas.

Answer: TRUE

Which phylum harbors the MOST functional diversity observed and also has the MOST cultured representatives? A) Actinobacteria B) Bacteroidetes C) Firmicutes D) Proteobacteria

D) Proteobacteria

Isolating a bacterium of the ________ class would be of high impact due to it only having one cultured representative. A) Alphaproteobacteria B) Betaproteobacteria C) Epsilonproteobacteria D) Zetaproteobacteria

D) Zetaproteobacteria

A pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophic bacterium is LEAST likely to be a classified as a member of A) Rhizobiales. B) Rhodobacter. C) Methylobacterium. D) Proteobacteria.

B) Rhodobacter

Which genus would you MOST likely find in the photic layer of the oceans due to its abundance and aerobic chemoorganotroph phenotype? A) Acetobacter B) Nitrosomonas C) Paracoccus D) Pelagibacter

D) Pelagibacter

Which of the following traits is NOT characteristic of Caulobacter? A) abundant in aquatic habitats rich in nutrients B) produces a cytoplasmic outgrowth (prostheca) C) attaches to surfaces in nature D) asymmetric cell division

Abundant in aquatic habitats rich in nutrients

Treating wastewater requires the removal of organic material, and an ideal phenotype of a bacterium to do this would flocculate to make the cells settle (rather than staying in suspension) in a wastewater stream. Which species would be best for this application? A) Bartonella quintana B) Burkholderia cepacia C) Wolbachia pipientis D) Zoogloea ramigera

D) Zoogloea ramigera

While not all members of ________ are pathogenic, two medically relevant species cause meningitis and gonorrhea in humans. A) Enterobacter B) Neisseria C) Shigella. D) Staphylococcus

B) Neisseria

Chemolithotrophic ammonia-oxidization is a metabolic requirement for members of A) Nitrosomonas. B) Nitropseudomonas. C) Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira. D) Nitrosomonas, Nitrosospira, and Nitropseudomonas.

C) Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira.

Biosynthesis of vitamin K (menaquinone) by ________ spp. inhabiting the ________ of humans is a potentially important mutualistic relationship for human health. A) Bifidobacterium / intestinal tract B) Bifidobacterium / stomach C) Escherichia / intestinal tract D) Escherichia / stomach

C) Escherichia / intestinal tract

A gram-negative, polarly flagellated, aerobic bacillus-shaped bacterium that can degrade a large variety or aromatic compounds is likely a(n) A) actinobacterium. B) enteric. C) pseudomonad. D) sphingomonad.

D) sphingomonad.

Which characteristic is NOT associated with Vibrio spp.? A) aquatic B) gliding motility C) gram-negative D) pathogenic

B) gliding motility

A pseudomonad that loses its R plasmid in the soil is LEAST likely to A) cause an infection in a human. B) colonize a surface. C) infect a shrub. D) survive a habitat dominated by antibiotic-producing Streptomyces spp.

D) survive a habitat dominated by antibiotic-producing Streptomyces spp.

Which of the following is NOT a member of the Deltaproteobacteria? A) Campylobacter B) Desulfovibrio C) Geobacter D) Syntrophobacter

A) Campylobacter

Which of the following is NOT a trait of rickettsias? A) They are obligate intracellular parasites. B) They lack cell walls. C) They have not been cultivated in the absence of host cells. D) Both the host and parasite are required in order to be alive and metabolically active.

B) They lack cell walls.

Which relationship is MOST likely to be observed between species of different classes? A) A deltaproteobacterium oxidizes hydrogen sulfide into sulfate, which is then reduced by an epsilonproteobacterium. B) An epsilonbacterium oxidizes the hydrogen sulfide produced by a sulfur-reducing deltaproteobacterium. C) A sulfate-reducing epsilonbacterium produces sulfite, which a deltaproteobacterium reduces to hydrogen sulfide. D) Syntrophic metabolism of sulfur by a deltaproteobacterium and an epsilonproteobacterium occurs.

B) An epsilonbacterium oxidizes the hydrogen sulfide produced by a sulfur-reducing deltaproteobacterium.

A bacterium with which metabolism is MOST likely to form a relationship with Syntrophobacter wolinii? A) acetate oxidation B) ammonia oxidation C) molecular hydrogen oxidation D) propionate catabolism

C) molecular hydrogen oxidation

Based on oxygen requirements and metabolic strategies, isolating an epsilonproteobacterium from ________ would likely be MOST fruitful. A) anoxic and sulfate-rich waters B) a plant's rhizosphere C) sulfate-rich anoxic-oxic interfaces D) sulfide-rich soils

C) sulfate-rich anoxic-oxic interfaces

Which of the following is NOT true of Epsilonproteobacteria? A) Abundance directly correlates with sulfur metabolism activities. B) Pathogens require relatively low O2 levels to grow. C) Epsilonproteobacteria are present in freshwater, marine systems, and terrestrial environments. D) Epsilonproteobacteria are prolific metal reducers.

D) Epsilonproteobacteria are prolific metal reducers.

Which taxon is NOT gram-positive? A) Actinobacteria B) Firmicutes C) Sphingobacteria D) Streptococcus

C) Sphingobacteria

Which feature(s) differentiate(s) Actinobacteria from Firmicutes? A) absence/presence of a cell wall B) endospore production capability C) motility and chemotaxis abilities D) relative G+C content in their genomes

D) relative G+C content in their genomes

The order Lactobacillales within Firmicutes are also called the lactic acid bacteria, because these bacteria A) can aerobically catabolize lactic acid. B) can ferment lactate. C) produce lactate. D) uniquely require lactic acid as a precursor for cell wall biosynthesis.

C) produce lactate.

What would MOST likely result if an exponentially growing culture of Lactobacillus sp. fermenting glucose was accidentally transferred into a highly aerated environment? A) Aerobic catabolism of glucose would begin rather than aerobic degradation, due to the presence of O2. B) Fermentation of glucose would continue, because the cells are insensitive to O2 despite lacking aerobic metabolism capabilities. C) The cells would halt their metabolism due to the presence of N2, which acts as a global repressor of fermentation in this group. D) The population would die due to the presence of O2, because it is a strict anaerobe.

B) Fermentation of glucose would continue, because the cells are insensitive to O2 despite lacking aerobic metabolism capabilities.

Which bacterial genus would be best to select for fermenting cabbage to make homemade sauerkraut? A) Clostridium B) Lactobacillus C) Propionibacterium D) Staphylococcus

B) Lactobacillus

Which phenotypic assay could be used to determine whether a new Streptococcus sp. is of the pyogenes or viridans group? A) catalase assay with H2O2 B) hemolytic type after growth on a blood agar plate C) occurrence of cells being in clusters or as individual cells under a microscope D) product(s) formed during lactose fermentation

C) occurrence of cells being in clusters or as individual cells under a microscope

Staphylococcus aureus is known to cause ALL of the following diseases EXCEPT A) acne. B) arthritis. C) boils. D) dental caries.

D) dental caries.

Which species does NOT produce endospores? A) Bacillus cereus B) Clostridium pasteurianum C) Listeria monocytogenes D) Paenibacillus popilliae

C) Listeria monocytogenes

A gram-negative, nonsporulating rod that is highly motile, oxidase negative, facultatively aerobic, ferments glucose, and urease-positive is likely to be of which genus? A) Pseudomonas B) Proteus C) Lactobacillus D) Rickettsia

B) Proteus

A yogurt, which had "contains live cultures" on its label, was transferred onto an acidic carbohydrate-containing medium for selective enrichment. Eventually, isolates of the ________ genus were obtained. A) Lactobacillus B) Leuconostoc C) Peptococcus D) Streptococcus

A) Lactobacillus

A moistened swab rubbed onto a person's forearm then onto a nutrient agar plate with 7.5% NaCl would MOST likely result in the isolation of ________ spp. A) Clostridium B) Halobacterium C) Sarcina D) Staphylococcus

D) Staphylococcus

Which genus is MOST easily distinguishable from others below by occurring in packets of 8 or more? A) Peptostreptococcus B) Sarcina C) Staphylococcus D) Streptococcus

B) Sarcina

The ability to form endospores in bacteria within Bacillales, Clostridiales, and Lactobacillales suggests the genotype/phenotype evolved A) at least three separate times in these divergent orders. B) at least once, and horizontal gene transfer among relatives explains its presence in other orders. C) only once in an ancestor to these three orders, due to the high number of genes required. D) either at least once and horizontal gene transfer among relatives occurred or once in a common ancestor.

C) only once in an ancestor to these three orders, due to the high number of genes required.

Which organisms would MOST likely be isolated from aerobic growth conditions with acetate and a soil sample heated to 80°C for 10 min? A) aerobic or facultative anaerobic acetogens B) endospore-forming bacteria C) hyperthermophilic heterotrophic bacteria D) mycoplasmas

B) endospore-forming bacteria

Which of the following is LEAST commonly associated with endospore-forming bacteria? A) coccus-shaped B) defense C) dormancy D) saprophytic

A) coccus-shaped

Which bacillus-shaped genus are primarily intracellular parasites of arthropods such as crustaceans and insects? A) Coxiella B) Klebsiella C) Roseospirillum D) Wolbachia

D) Wolbachia

Campylobacter and Helicobacter are two genera within the ________ class of Proteobacteria. A) Alphaproteobacteria B) Betaproteobacteria C) Deltaproteobacteria D) Epsilonproteobacteria

D) Epsilonproteobacteria

Which group in Bacteria lacks cell walls? A) Corynebacterium B) Mycoplasma C) Sporosarcina D) Tenericutes

B) Mycoplasma

In comparison to bacteria that do have cell walls, ________ is a consequence of mycoplasmas lacking a cell wall. A) larger cytoplasmic volume B) frequent existence as obligate symbionts C) higher sensitivity to osmotic lysis D) inability to survive protoplasts lysing conditions

B) frequent existence as obligate symbionts

The additional supplementation of ________ make developing growth media for culturing mycoplasmas especially challenging. A) unsaturated fatty acids B) sterols C) vitamins D) unsaturated fatty acids, sterols, and vitamins

D) unsaturated fatty acids, sterols, and vitamins

Snapping division is a hallmark trait of ________ which can be visualized under a microscope by ________. A) Actinobacteria / two adjacent cells linked, appearing as an M dividing into four B) Actinobacteria / one cell appearing as a V dividing into two C) Coryneform bacteria / two adjacent cells linked, appearing as an M dividing into four D) Coryneform bacteria / one cell appearing as a V dividing into two

D) Coryneform bacteria / one cell appearing as a V dividing into two

Mycolic acids are exclusively present in Mycobacterium spp. and can be distinguished by a(n) ________ staining procedure (which is, therefore, a diagnostic utility to identify mycobacteria). A) acid-fast B) DAPI C) Gram D) lipo

A) acid-fast

Which bacterial genus is LEAST related to the others listed? A) Actinomyces B) Mycobacterium C) Nocardia D) Streptomyces

B) Mycobacterium

A soil sample was diluted into a nutrient broth, then spread onto a plate and grown for one week at room temperature. Several colonies appeared dusty or fuzzy and yet were identified as bacteria–not as fungi. Which genus do these isolates likely belong in? A) Actinomyces B) Mycobacterium C) Nocardia D) Streptomyces

D) Streptomyces

The ________ produce over 500 characterized antibiotics. A) Bacteroidetes B) mycobacteria C) pseudomonads D) streptomycetes

D) streptomycetes

Members of the ________ genus are the MOST abundant bacteria present in the large intestine of humans and contain the unusual ________ in their cell membranes. A) Bacteroides / glycerolipids B) Bacteroides / sphingolipids C) Sphingobium / glycerolipids D) Sphingobium / sphingolipids

B) Bacteroides / sphingolipids

Group members of ________ are particularly abundant in the oceans, chemoorganotrophic, and often produce pigments when grown on complex media. A) Alteromonas B) Flavobacteriales C) Pelagibacter D) Prochlorococcus

B) Flavobacteriales

Bacteria in the phylum ________ occur as elementary or reticulate bodies depending on their life cycle stage, are obligate intracellular parasites, and also have relatively small genomes. A) Bacteroidetes B) Chlamydiae C) Planctomycetes D) Rickettsia

B) Chlamydiae

Which of the following is NOT a trait of the Planctomycetes? A) undergo budding cell division B) have intracellular compartmentalization C) lack peptidoglycan D) undergo plant symbiosis

D) undergo plant symbiosis

Which structural feature is common in BOTH Planctomycetes and Verrucomicrobia but RARELY found in bacteria outside these two phyla? A) intracellular compartmentalization B) prosthecae appendages C) sheathlike toga cell envelopes D) tubulins

A) intracellular compartmentalization

Despite ether-linked lipids being a hallmark of the Archaea, the thermophilic sulfate- reducing bacteria in ________ also contain ether-linked lipids, which suggests they may be more closely related to Archaea than many other groups in Bacteria. A) Aquifex B) Thermodesulfobacterium C) Thermus D) Verrucomicrobium

B) Thermodesulfobacterium

The MOST metabolically diverse phylum of Bacteria known to date is the Proteobacteria.

Answer: TRUE

Agrobacterium tumefaciens can form root nodules in plants and can mate with bacteria, which makes it an excellent host organism for genetic transformations among different domains of life.

Answer: FALSE

Rhodobacter and Roseobacter are two genera with a common ancestor in Alphaproteobacteria.

Answer: TRUE

The enteric bacteria are a group classified within Proteobacteria that cause disease in animals.

Answer: FALSE

Due to the genetic similarities of non-pathogenic and pathogenic enterics, phenotypic assays are often performed in favor over taxonomy-based sequencing/probing to distinguish pathogens from non-pathogens.

Answer: TRUE

Betaproteobacteria is a functionally diverse group that primarily uses anaerobic metabolisms.

Answer: FALSE

Many gammaproteobacteria members are obligate intracellular symbionts of eukaryotes, which also enables many to become human pathogens.

Answer: FALSE

Pseudomonads are aerobic, gram-positive, polar flagellated, bacillus-shaped cells.

Answer: FALSE

Sulfur metabolism is a common trait in Deltaproteobacteria.

Answer: TRUE

To subgroup the lactic acid bacteria, which are incapable of aerobic degradation and only do fermentation, identifying products formed is a useful way to distinguish homofermentative versus heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria.

Answer: TRUE

Many Listeria spp. grow well at cold temperatures, so although refrigeration is excellent at preventing growth of most other pathogens, it is not very useful at minimizing growth of contaminated foods.

Answer: TRUE

Simple staining and microscopy could easily distinguish the different taxa intermixed within a community of Sarcina, Staphylococcus, and coryneform bacteria.

Answer: TRUE

Due to the slow and varied growth rates, mycobacteria are commonly grouped into either slow growing or very slow growing, which has consequences on the growth medium selected for culturing.

Answer: FALSE

Except that they are not produced in the cytoplasm, conidia produced by Streptomyces spp. are chemically quite similar in composition to endospores produced by Bacillus spp.

Answer: FALSE

Some Streptomyces spp. can biosynthesize several chemically unrelated structures that act as different antibiotics.

Answer: TRUE

Chlamydiae are MOST commonly transmitted throughout environments by insects.

Answer: FALSE

When looking under a transmission electron microscope, you observe anammoxosomes in one bacterium and pirellulosome in another bacterium. BOTH taxa are likely a part of Planctomycetes.

Answer: TRUE

Thermotoga are hyperthermophiles and appear relatively closely related to Archaea in comparison to other bacteria such as Salmonella.

Answer: TRUE

The hypothesis that H2 was a key electron donor for energy metabolism in primitive organisms is supported by it being such a common trophic strategy in Aquificae.

Answer: TRUE

Deinococcus radiodurans is capable of withstanding especially high levels of radiation, and the carotenoids they produce enhance this resistance.

Answer: TRUE

Some species in the genus Acidobacteria are classified in Bacteria while others are considered Archaea.

Answer: FALSE

Antibiotics that disrupt or halt cell wall biosynthesis are actually ineffective at harming growth of mycoplasmas.

Answer: TRUE

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