test bank chap 8
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Viral replication is A) independent of the host cell's DNA but dependent on the host cell's enzymes and metabolism. B) independent of both the host cell's DNA and the host cell's enzymes and metabolism. C) dependent on the host cell's DNA and RNA. D) dependent on the host cell's DNA, RNA, enzymes, and metabolism. | A) independent of the host cell's DNA but dependent on the host cell's enzymes and metabolism. |
Viral size is generally measured in A) micrometers. B) picometers. C) nanometers. D) centimeters. | C) nanometers. |
Reverse transcriptase is a(n) A) RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. B) DNA-dependent DNA polymerase. C) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. D) DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. | A) RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. |
Viruses infecting ________ are typically the easiest to grow in the laboratory. A) plants B) animals C) fungi D) prokaryotes | D) prokaryotes |
Cellular receptors may be composed of A) proteins. B) carbohydrates. C) lipids. D) combinations of proteins, carbohydrates, and/or lipids. | D) combinations of proteins, carbohydrates, and/or lipids. |
Bacteriophages' genomes are typically composed of A) single-stranded RNA. B) single-stranded DNA. C) double-stranded RNA. D) double-stranded DNA. | D) double-stranded DNA. |
A virus that kills its host is said to be A) lytic or virulent. B) temperate. C) lysogenic. D) virulent or lysogenic, but not temperate. | A) lytic or virulent. |
The packaging mechanism of T4 DNA involves cutting of DNA from A) linear genetic elements. B) circular genetic elements. C) DNA concatemers. D) its host cells. | C) DNA concatemers. |
The virus repressor protein A) controls the prophage's lytic genes but not the incoming genomes of the same virus. B) does not control the prophage's lytic genes but does control the incoming genomes of the same virus. C) controls both the lytic genes on the prophage and prevents an incoming virus of the same type. D) has different actions in different situations. | C) controls both the lytic genes on the prophage and prevents an incoming virus of the same type. |
Which of the following statements is TRUE? A) Lambda is a temperate phage that infects Escherichia coli. B) Lambda is a linear double-stranded DNA phage. C) Lambda is replicated by the rolling circle mechanism. D) Lambda is a temperate phage that replicates its double-stranded DNA genome with a rolling circle mechanism. | D) Lambda is a temperate phage that replicates its double-stranded DNA genome with a rolling circle mechanism. |
The primer for retrovirus reverse transcription is a specific A) tRNA encoded by the cell. B) tRNA encoded by the virus. C) nuclear tRNA. D) nuclear tDNA. | A) tRNA encoded by the cell. |
The consequence of an infection by a temperate bacteriophage is that the bacterial cell A) lyses before it gets a chance to divide. B) never lyses but continues to divide and replicate both the virus and the cell. C) divides faster at moderate temperatures. D) may lyse before it divides or may continue to divide and replicate both the virus and the cell | D) may lyse before it divides or may continue to divide and replicate both the virus and the cell |
A cell that allows the complete replication cycle of a virus to take place is said to be a A) permissive host. B) viral cell. C) dead cell. D) lytic cell. | A) permissive host. |
How do bacteriophage influence bacterial evolution? A) Bacteriophage cause cleavage and rearrangement of bacterial genomes, thus accelerating bacterial evolution. B) Bacteriophage lyse mutated bacterial cells, thus preventing them from replicating and passing on their genetic information. C) Bacteriophage transfer genetic information between bacterial cells through transduction, thus increasing the genetic diversity of bacterial populations. D) Bacteriophage decrease the size of bacterial populations and thus decreasing genetic diversity and slowing down bacterial evolution. | C) Bacteriophage transfer genetic information between bacterial cells through transduction, thus increasing the genetic diversity of bacterial populations. |
What are the consequences of a viral infection of an animal cell? A) rapid lysis or latent infections B) lysogeny followed by eventual lysis C) lysis or lysogeny D) Outcomes vary from rapid lysis to persistent infections, latent infections, or cancer. | D) Outcomes vary from rapid lysis to persistent infections, latent infections, or cancer. |
In viruses, genetic information flows from ________ to ________. A) RNA / virion B) nucleic acid / protein C) capsid / virion D) DNA / protein | B) nucleic acid / protein |
The growth of viruses in a culture is described as a one-step growth curve, because A) virion numbers show no increase during intracellular replication and can only be counted after the virions burst from the host cell. B) there is only one step in the viral life cycle which leads to only one replicative cycle in a culture. C) assembly and release actually occur in one step. D) the eclipse phase prevents the plating and enumeration of virions although new virions are produced at a steady rate during the eclipse phase. | A) virion numbers show no increase during intracellular replication and can only be counted after the virions burst from the host cell. |